patterns: Rewrite evaluation engine (#306)

* patterns: Rewrite most of the evaluator to mainly use polymorphism instead of just RTTI

* patterns: Fixed a couple of AST memory leaks

* patterns: Parse string operations correctly

* patterns: Various fixes and cleanup

* patterns: Implement primitive function definitions

Function parameters now need to provide their type in the definition

* patterns: Added function variable definition and assignment

* patterns: Added remaining function statements

* patterns: Added unsized and while-sized arrays

* patterns: Added multi variable declarations to functions

* patterns: Added std::format built-in function

* patterns: Allow passing custom types to functions

* patterns: Added attributes and new "format" attribute

* patterns: Use libfmt for std::print instead of custom version

* patterns: Remove unnecessary string compare function

* pattern: Fix preprocessor directives

* patterns: Fix unit tests

* patterns: Added cast expression

* patterns: Handle endianess in function parameters

* patterns: Added casting to different endian

* patterns: Added 'str' type for functions

include/views/view_pattern_editor.hpp

@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <hex/views/view.hpp>
-#include <hex/pattern_language/evaluator.hpp>
 #include <hex/pattern_language/pattern_language.hpp>
-
+#include <hex/pattern_language/log_console.hpp>
 #include <hex/providers/provider.hpp>
 
 #include <cstring>

libstdpl/math.pl

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+namespace std::math {
+
+	fn min_u(u128 a, u128 b) {
+		return (a < b) ? a : b;
+	};
+	
+	fn min_i(s128 a, s128 b) {
+		return (a < b) ? a : b;
+	};
+	
+	fn min_f(double a, double b) {
+		return (a < b) ? a : b;
+	};
+	
+	
+	fn max_u(u128 a, u128 b) {
+		return (a > b) ? a : b;
+	};
+	
+	fn max_i(s128 a, s128 b) {
+		return (a > b) ? a : b;
+	};
+	
+	fn max_f(double a, double b) {
+		return (a > b) ? a : b;
+	};
+	
+	
+	fn abs_i(s128 value) {
+		return value < 0 ? -value : value;
+	};
+	
+	fn abs_d(double value) {
+		return value < 0 ? -value : value;
+	};
+	
+	
+	fn ceil(double value) {
+		s128 cast;
+		cast = value;
+		
+		return cast + 1;
+	};
+
+}
+
+std::print("{}", std::math::ceil(123.6));

plugins/builtin/source/content/pl_builtin_functions.cpp

@@ -3,14 +3,43 @@
 #include <hex/helpers/shared_data.hpp>
 #include <hex/helpers/fmt.hpp>
 
-#include <hex/pattern_language/ast_node.hpp>
+#include <hex/pattern_language/token.hpp>
 #include <hex/pattern_language/log_console.hpp>
 #include <hex/pattern_language/evaluator.hpp>
+#include <hex/pattern_language/pattern_data.hpp>
 
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <fmt/args.h>
+
 namespace hex::plugin::builtin {
 
+    std::string format(pl::Evaluator *, auto params) {
+        auto format = pl::Token::literalToString(params[0], true);
+        std::string message;
+
+        fmt::dynamic_format_arg_store<fmt::format_context> formatArgs;
+
+        for (u32 i = 1; i < params.size(); i++) {
+            auto &param = params[i];
+
+            std::visit(overloaded {
+                [&](pl::PatternData* value) {
+                    formatArgs.push_back(hex::format("{} {} @ 0x{:X}", value->getTypeName(), value->getVariableName(), value->getOffset()));
+                },
+                [&](auto &&value) {
+                    formatArgs.push_back(value);
+                }
+            }, param);
+        }
+
+        try {
+            return fmt::vformat(format, formatArgs);
+        } catch (fmt::format_error &error) {
+            hex::pl::LogConsole::abortEvaluation(hex::format("format error: {}", error.what()));
+        }
+    }
+
     void registerPatternLanguageFunctions() {
         using namespace hex::pl;
 
@@ -18,55 +47,37 @@ namespace hex::plugin::builtin {
         {
 
             /* assert(condition, message) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "assert", 2, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-                auto condition = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[0])->getValue();
-                auto message = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeStringLiteral, params[1])->getString();
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "assert", 2, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto condition = Token::literalToBoolean(params[0]);
+                auto message = std::get<std::string>(params[1]);
 
-                if (LITERAL_COMPARE(condition, condition == 0))
-                    ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation(hex::format("assertion failed \"{0}\"", message.data()));
+                if (!condition)
+                    LogConsole::abortEvaluation(hex::format("assertion failed \"{0}\"", message));
 
-                return nullptr;
+                return std::nullopt;
             });
 
             /* assert_warn(condition, message) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "assert_warn", 2, [](auto ctx, auto params) {
-                auto condition = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[0])->getValue();
-                auto message = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeStringLiteral, params[1])->getString();
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "assert_warn", 2, [](auto *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto condition = Token::literalToBoolean(params[0]);
+                auto message = std::get<std::string>(params[1]);
 
-                if (LITERAL_COMPARE(condition, condition == 0))
-                    ctx.getConsole().log(LogConsole::Level::Warning, hex::format("assertion failed \"{0}\"", message));
+                if (!condition)
+                    ctx->getConsole().log(LogConsole::Level::Warning, hex::format("assertion failed \"{0}\"", message));
 
-                return nullptr;
+                return std::nullopt;
             });
 
-            /* print(values...) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "print", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::MoreParametersThan | 0, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-                std::string message;
-                for (auto& param : params) {
-                    if (auto integerLiteral = dynamic_cast<ASTNodeIntegerLiteral*>(param); integerLiteral != nullptr) {
-                        std::visit([&](auto &&value) {
-                            using Type = std::remove_cvref_t<decltype(value)>;
-                            if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, char>)
-                                message += (char)value;
-                            else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Type, bool>)
-                                message += value == 0 ? "false" : "true";
-                            else if constexpr (std::is_unsigned_v<Type>)
-                                message += std::to_string(static_cast<u64>(value));
-                            else if constexpr (std::is_signed_v<Type>)
-                                message += std::to_string(static_cast<s64>(value));
-                            else if constexpr (std::is_floating_point_v<Type>)
-                                message += std::to_string(value);
-                            else
-                                message += "< Custom Type >";
-                        }, integerLiteral->getValue());
-                    }
-                    else if (auto stringLiteral = dynamic_cast<ASTNodeStringLiteral*>(param); stringLiteral != nullptr)
-                        message += stringLiteral->getString();
-                }
+            /* print(format, args...) */
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "print", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::MoreParametersThan | 0, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                ctx->getConsole().log(LogConsole::Level::Info, format(ctx, params));
 
-                ctx.getConsole().log(LogConsole::Level::Info, message);
+                return std::nullopt;
+            });
 
-                return nullptr;
+            /* format(format, args...) */
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "format", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::MoreParametersThan | 0, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                return format(ctx, params);
             });
 
         }
@@ -75,109 +86,82 @@ namespace hex::plugin::builtin {
         {
 
             /* align_to(alignment, value) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "align_to", 2, [](auto &ctx, auto params) -> ASTNode* {
-                auto alignment = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[0])->getValue();
-                auto value = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[1])->getValue();
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "align_to", 2, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto alignment = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[0]);
+                auto value = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[1]);
 
-                auto result = std::visit([](auto &&alignment, auto &&value) {
-                    u64 remainder = u64(value) % u64(alignment);
-                    return remainder != 0 ? u64(value) + (u64(alignment) - remainder) : u64(value);
-                    }, alignment, value);
+                u128 remainder = value % alignment;
 
-                return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(u64(result));
+                return remainder != 0 ? value + (alignment - remainder) : value;
             });
 
             /* base_address() */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "base_address", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::NoParameters, [](auto &ctx, auto params) -> ASTNode* {
-                return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(u64(ImHexApi::Provider::get()->getBaseAddress()));
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "base_address", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::NoParameters, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                return u128(ctx->getProvider()->getBaseAddress());
             });
 
             /* size() */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "size", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::NoParameters, [](auto &ctx, auto params) -> ASTNode* {
-                return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(u64(ImHexApi::Provider::get()->getActualSize()));
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "size", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::NoParameters, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                return u128(ctx->getProvider()->getActualSize());
             });
 
             /* find_sequence(occurrence_index, bytes...) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "find_sequence", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::MoreParametersThan | 1, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-                auto& occurrenceIndex = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[0])->getValue();
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "find_sequence", ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::MoreParametersThan | 1, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto occurrenceIndex = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[0]);
+
                 std::vector<u8> sequence;
                 for (u32 i = 1; i < params.size(); i++) {
-                    sequence.push_back(std::visit([&](auto &&value) -> u8 {
-                        if (value <= 0xFF)
-                            return value;
-                        else
-                            ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("sequence bytes need to fit into 1 byte");
-                        }, AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[i])->getValue()));
+                    auto byte = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[i]);
+
+                    if (byte > 0xFF)
+                        LogConsole::abortEvaluation(hex::format("byte #{} value out of range: {} > 0xFF", i, u64(byte)));
+
+                    sequence.push_back(u8(byte & 0xFF));
                 }
 
                 std::vector<u8> bytes(sequence.size(), 0x00);
                 u32 occurrences = 0;
-                for (u64 offset = 0; offset < ImHexApi::Provider::get()->getSize() - sequence.size(); offset++) {
-                    ImHexApi::Provider::get()->read(offset, bytes.data(), bytes.size());
+                for (u64 offset = 0; offset < ctx->getProvider()->getSize() - sequence.size(); offset++) {
+                    ctx->getProvider()->read(offset, bytes.data(), bytes.size());
 
                     if (bytes == sequence) {
-                        if (LITERAL_COMPARE(occurrenceIndex, occurrences < occurrenceIndex)) {
+                        if (occurrences < occurrenceIndex) {
                             occurrences++;
                             continue;
                         }
 
-                        return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(offset);
+                        return u128(offset);
                     }
                 }
 
-                ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("failed to find sequence");
+                LogConsole::abortEvaluation("failed to find sequence");
             });
 
             /* read_unsigned(address, size) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "read_unsigned", 2, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-                auto address = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[0])->getValue();
-                auto size = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[1])->getValue();
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "read_unsigned", 2, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto address = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[0]);
+                auto size = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[1]);
 
-                if (LITERAL_COMPARE(address, address >= ImHexApi::Provider::get()->getActualSize()))
-                    ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("address out of range");
+                if (size > 16)
+                    LogConsole::abortEvaluation("read size out of range");
 
-                return std::visit([&](auto &&address, auto &&size) {
-                    if (size <= 0 || size > 16)
-                        ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("invalid read size");
+                u128 result = 0;
+                ctx->getProvider()->read(address, &result, size);
 
-                    u8 value[(u8)size];
-                    ImHexApi::Provider::get()->read(address, value, size);
-
-                    switch ((u8)size) {
-                        case 1:  return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<u8*>(value));
-                        case 2:  return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<u16*>(value));
-                        case 4:  return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<u32*>(value));
-                        case 8:  return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<u64*>(value));
-                        case 16: return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<u128*>(value));
-                        default: ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("invalid read size");
-                    }
-                    }, address, size);
+                return result;
             });
 
             /* read_signed(address, size) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "read_signed", 2, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-                auto address = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[0])->getValue();
-                auto size = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[1])->getValue();
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdMem, "read_signed", 2, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto address = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[0]);
+                auto size = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[1]);
 
-                if (LITERAL_COMPARE(address, address >= ImHexApi::Provider::get()->getActualSize()))
-                    ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("address out of range");
+                if (size > 16)
+                    LogConsole::abortEvaluation("read size out of range");
 
-                return std::visit([&](auto &&address, auto &&size) {
-                    if (size <= 0 || size > 16)
-                        ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("invalid read size");
-
-                    u8 value[(u8)size];
-                    ImHexApi::Provider::get()->read(address, value, size);
-
-                    switch ((u8)size) {
-                        case 1:  return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<s8*>(value));
-                        case 2:  return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<s16*>(value));
-                        case 4:  return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<s32*>(value));
-                        case 8:  return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<s64*>(value));
-                        case 16: return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(*reinterpret_cast<s128*>(value));
-                        default: ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("invalid read size");
-                    }
-                    }, address, size);
+                s128 value;
+                ctx->getProvider()->read(address, &value, size);
+                return hex::signExtend(size * 8, value);
             });
 
         }
@@ -185,30 +169,38 @@ namespace hex::plugin::builtin {
         ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Namespace nsStdStr = { "std", "str" };
         {
             /* length(string) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdStr, "length", 1, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-                auto string = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeStringLiteral, params[1])->getString();
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdStr, "length", 1, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto string = Token::literalToString(params[0], false);
 
-                return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(u32(string.length()));
+                return u128(string.length());
             });
 
             /* at(string, index) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdStr, "at", 2, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-                auto string = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeStringLiteral, params[0])->getString();
-                auto index = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[1])->getValue();
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdStr, "at", 2, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto string = Token::literalToString(params[0], false);
+                auto index = Token::literalToSigned(params[1]);
 
-                if (LITERAL_COMPARE(index, index >= string.length() || index < 0))
-                    ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation("character index out of bounds");
+                if (std::abs(index) >= string.length())
+                    LogConsole::abortEvaluation("character index out of range");
 
-                return std::visit([&](auto &&value) { return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(char(string[u32(value)])); }, index);
+                if (index >= 0)
+                    return char(string[index]);
+                else
+                    return char(string[string.length() - -index]);
             });
 
-            /* compare(left, right) */
-            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdStr, "compare", 2, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-                auto left = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeStringLiteral, params[0])->getString();
-                auto right = AS_TYPE(ASTNodeStringLiteral, params[1])->getString();
+            /* substr(string, pos, count) */
+            ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStdStr, "substr", 3, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> std::optional<Token::Literal> {
+                auto string = Token::literalToString(params[0], false);
+                auto pos = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[1]);
+                auto size = Token::literalToUnsigned(params[2]);
 
-                return new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(bool(left == right));
+                if (pos > size)
+                    LogConsole::abortEvaluation("character index out of range");
+
+                return string.substr(pos, size);
             });
+
         }
     }
 

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/api/content_registry.hpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <hex.hpp>
 #include <hex/helpers/concepts.hpp>
+#include <hex/pattern_language/token.hpp>
 
 #include <functional>
 #include <map>
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ namespace hex {
 
     class View;
     class LanguageDefinition;
-    namespace pl { class ASTNode; class Evaluator; }
+    namespace pl { class Evaluator; }
     namespace dp { class Node; }
 
     /*
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ namespace hex {
             constexpr static u32 NoParameters          = 0x0000'0000;
 
             using Namespace = std::vector<std::string>;
-            using Callback = std::function<hex::pl::ASTNode*(hex::pl::Evaluator&, std::vector<hex::pl::ASTNode*>&)>;
+            using Callback = std::function<std::optional<hex::pl::Token::Literal>(hex::pl::Evaluator*, const std::vector<hex::pl::Token::Literal>&)>;
 
             struct Function {
                 u32 parameterCount;

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/helpers/utils.hpp

@@ -57,6 +57,11 @@ namespace hex {
         return (value & mask) >> to;
     }
 
+    constexpr inline s128 signExtend(size_t numBits, s128 value) {
+        s128 mask = 1U << (numBits - 1);
+        return (value ^ mask) - mask;
+    }
+
     template<class... Ts> struct overloaded : Ts... { using Ts::operator()...; };
     template<class... Ts> overloaded(Ts...) -> overloaded<Ts...>;
 

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/pattern_language/ast_node_base.hpp

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <hex/pattern_language/token.hpp>
+
+namespace hex::pl {
+
+    class ASTNode;
+    class ASTNodeAttribute;
+
+    class PatternData;
+    class Evaluator;
+
+    class Attributable {
+    protected:
+        Attributable() = default;
+
+        Attributable(const Attributable &) = default;
+
+    public:
+
+        void addAttribute(ASTNodeAttribute *attribute) {
+            this->m_attributes.push_back(attribute);
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] const auto &getAttributes() const {
+            return this->m_attributes;
+        }
+
+    private:
+        std::vector<ASTNodeAttribute *> m_attributes;
+    };
+
+    class Clonable {
+    public:
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        virtual ASTNode* clone() const = 0;
+    };
+
+    class ASTNode : public Clonable {
+    public:
+        constexpr ASTNode() = default;
+
+        constexpr virtual ~ASTNode() = default;
+
+        constexpr ASTNode(const ASTNode &) = default;
+
+        [[nodiscard]] constexpr u32 getLineNumber() const { return this->m_lineNumber; }
+
+        [[maybe_unused]] constexpr void setLineNumber(u32 lineNumber) { this->m_lineNumber = lineNumber; }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual ASTNode *evaluate(Evaluator *evaluator) const { return this->clone(); }
+
+        [[nodiscard]] virtual std::vector<PatternData *> createPatterns(Evaluator *evaluator) const { return {}; }
+
+        using FunctionResult = std::pair<bool, std::optional<Token::Literal>>;
+        virtual FunctionResult execute(Evaluator *evaluator) { throw std::pair<u32, std::string>(this->getLineNumber(), "cannot execute non-function statement"); }
+
+    private:
+        u32 m_lineNumber = 1;
+    };
+
+}

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/pattern_language/evaluator.hpp

@@ -1,93 +1,96 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <hex.hpp>
-
-#include <hex/api/content_registry.hpp>
-#include <hex/pattern_language/ast_node.hpp>
-#include <hex/pattern_language/log_console.hpp>
-
 #include <bit>
-#include <string>
 #include <map>
+#include <optional>
 #include <vector>
 
-#define LITERAL_COMPARE(literal, cond) std::visit([&](auto &&literal) { return (cond) != 0; }, literal)
-#define AS_TYPE(type, value) ctx.template asType<type>(value)
+#include <hex/pattern_language/log_console.hpp>
+#include <hex/api/content_registry.hpp>
 
 namespace hex::prv { class Provider; }
 
 namespace hex::pl {
 
     class PatternData;
+    class ASTNode;
 
     class Evaluator {
     public:
         Evaluator() = default;
 
-        std::optional<std::vector<PatternData*>> evaluate(const std::vector<ASTNode*>& ast);
+        std::optional<std::vector<PatternData*>> evaluate(const std::vector<ASTNode*> &ast);
 
-        LogConsole& getConsole() { return this->m_console; }
-
-        void setDefaultEndian(std::endian endian) { this->m_defaultDataEndian = endian; }
-        void setRecursionLimit(u32 limit) { this->m_recursionLimit = limit; }
-        void setProvider(prv::Provider *provider) { this->m_provider = provider; }
-        [[nodiscard]] std::endian getCurrentEndian() const { return this->m_endianStack.back(); }
-
-        PatternData* patternFromName(const ASTNodeRValue::Path &name);
-
-        template<typename T>
-        T* asType(ASTNode *param) {
-            if (auto evaluatedParam = dynamic_cast<T*>(param); evaluatedParam != nullptr)
-                return evaluatedParam;
-            else
-                this->getConsole().abortEvaluation("function got wrong type of parameter");
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        LogConsole& getConsole() {
+            return this->m_console;
         }
 
+        struct Scope { PatternData *parent; std::vector<PatternData*>* scope; };
+        void pushScope(PatternData *parent, std::vector<PatternData*> &scope) { this->m_scopes.push_back({ parent, &scope }); }
+        void popScope() { this->m_scopes.pop_back(); }
+        const Scope& getScope(s32 index) {
+            static Scope empty;
+
+            if (index > 0 || -index >= this->m_scopes.size()) return empty;
+            return this->m_scopes[this->m_scopes.size() - 1 + index];
+        }
+
+        const Scope& getGlobalScope() {
+            return this->m_scopes.front();
+        }
+
+        void setProvider(prv::Provider *provider) {
+            this->m_provider = provider;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        prv::Provider *getProvider() const {
+            return this->m_provider;
+        }
+
+        void setDefaultEndian(std::endian endian) {
+            this->m_defaultEndian = endian;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        std::endian getDefaultEndian() const {
+            return this->m_defaultEndian;
+        }
+
+        u64& dataOffset() { return this->m_currOffset; }
+
+        bool addCustomFunction(const std::string &name, u32 numParams, const ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Callback &function) {
+            const auto [iter, inserted] = this->m_customFunctions.insert({ name, { numParams, function } });
+
+            return inserted;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const std::map<std::string, ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Function>& getCustomFunctions() const {
+            return this->m_customFunctions;
+        }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        std::vector<Token::Literal>& getStack() {
+            return this->m_stack;
+        }
+
+        void createVariable(const std::string &name, ASTNode *type);
+
+        void setVariable(const std::string &name, const Token::Literal& value);
+
     private:
-        std::map<std::string, ASTNode*> m_types;
-        prv::Provider* m_provider = nullptr;
-        std::endian m_defaultDataEndian = std::endian::native;
-        u64 m_currOffset = 0;
-        std::vector<std::endian> m_endianStack;
-        std::vector<PatternData*> m_globalMembers;
-        std::vector<std::vector<PatternData*>*> m_currMembers;
-        std::vector<std::vector<PatternData*>*> m_localVariables;
-        std::vector<PatternData*> m_currMemberScope;
-        std::vector<u8> m_localStack;
-        std::map<std::string, ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Function> m_definedFunctions;
+        u64 m_currOffset;
+        prv::Provider *m_provider = nullptr;
         LogConsole m_console;
 
-        u32 m_recursionLimit;
-        u32 m_currRecursionDepth;
+        std::endian m_defaultEndian = std::endian::native;
 
-        void createLocalVariable(const std::string &varName, PatternData *pattern);
-        void setLocalVariableValue(const std::string &varName, const void *value, size_t size);
-
-        ASTNodeIntegerLiteral* evaluateScopeResolution(ASTNodeScopeResolution *node);
-        ASTNodeIntegerLiteral* evaluateRValue(ASTNodeRValue *node);
-        ASTNode* evaluateFunctionCall(ASTNodeFunctionCall *node);
-        ASTNodeIntegerLiteral* evaluateTypeOperator(ASTNodeTypeOperator *typeOperatorNode);
-        ASTNodeIntegerLiteral* evaluateOperator(ASTNodeIntegerLiteral *left, ASTNodeIntegerLiteral *right, Token::Operator op);
-        ASTNodeIntegerLiteral* evaluateOperand(ASTNode *node);
-        ASTNodeIntegerLiteral* evaluateTernaryExpression(ASTNodeTernaryExpression *node);
-        ASTNodeIntegerLiteral* evaluateMathematicalExpression(ASTNodeNumericExpression *node);
-        void evaluateFunctionDefinition(ASTNodeFunctionDefinition *node);
-        std::optional<ASTNode*> evaluateFunctionBody(const std::vector<ASTNode*> &body);
-
-        PatternData* findPattern(std::vector<PatternData*> currMembers, const ASTNodeRValue::Path &path);
-        PatternData* evaluateAttributes(ASTNode *currNode, PatternData *currPattern);
-        PatternData* evaluateBuiltinType(ASTNodeBuiltinType *node);
-        void evaluateMember(ASTNode *node, std::vector<PatternData*> &currMembers, bool increaseOffset);
-        PatternData* evaluateStruct(ASTNodeStruct *node);
-        PatternData* evaluateUnion(ASTNodeUnion *node);
-        PatternData* evaluateEnum(ASTNodeEnum *node);
-        PatternData* evaluateBitfield(ASTNodeBitfield *node);
-        PatternData* evaluateType(ASTNodeTypeDecl *node);
-        PatternData* evaluateVariable(ASTNodeVariableDecl *node);
-        PatternData* evaluateArray(ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl *node);
-        PatternData* evaluateStaticArray(ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl *node);
-        PatternData* evaluateDynamicArray(ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl *node);
-        PatternData* evaluatePointer(ASTNodePointerVariableDecl *node);
+        std::vector<Scope> m_scopes;
+        std::map<std::string, ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Function> m_customFunctions;
+        std::vector<ASTNode*> m_customFunctionDefinitions;
+        std::vector<Token::Literal> m_stack;
     };
 
 }

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/pattern_language/log_console.hpp

@@ -7,8 +7,12 @@
 #include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <hex/pattern_language/ast_node_base.hpp>
+
 namespace hex::pl {
 
+    class ASTNode;
+
     class LogConsole {
     public:
         enum Level {
@@ -18,9 +22,10 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             Error
         };
 
-        const auto& getLog() { return this->m_consoleLog; }
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const auto& getLog() const { return this->m_consoleLog; }
 
-        using EvaluateError = std::string;
+        using EvaluateError = std::pair<u32, std::string>;
 
         void log(Level level, const std::string &message) {
             switch (level) {
@@ -32,16 +37,29 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             }
         }
 
-        [[noreturn]] void abortEvaluation(const std::string &message) {
-            throw EvaluateError(message);
+        [[noreturn]]
+        static void abortEvaluation(const std::string &message) {
+            throw EvaluateError(0, message);
+        }
+
+        [[noreturn]]
+        static void abortEvaluation(const std::string &message, const auto *node) {
+            throw EvaluateError(static_cast<const ASTNode*>(node)->getLineNumber(), message);
         }
 
         void clear() {
             this->m_consoleLog.clear();
+            this->m_lastHardError = { };
         }
 
+        void setHardError(const EvaluateError &error) { this->m_lastHardError = error; }
+
+        [[nodiscard]]
+        const LogConsole::EvaluateError& getLastHardError() { return this->m_lastHardError; };
+
     private:
         std::vector<std::pair<Level, std::string>> m_consoleLog;
+        EvaluateError m_lastHardError;
     };
 
 }

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/pattern_language/parser.hpp

@@ -37,6 +37,11 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             return this->m_curr[index].lineNumber;
         }
 
+        auto* create(auto *node) {
+            node->setLineNumber(this->getLineNumber(-1));
+            return node;
+        }
+
         template<typename T>
         const T& getValue(s32 index) const {
             auto value = std::get_if<T>(&this->m_curr[index].value);
@@ -68,6 +73,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         ASTNode* parseScopeResolution();
         ASTNode* parseRValue(ASTNodeRValue::Path &path);
         ASTNode* parseFactor();
+        ASTNode* parseCastExpression();
         ASTNode* parseUnaryExpression();
         ASTNode* parseMultiplicativeExpression();
         ASTNode* parseAdditiveExpression();
@@ -83,7 +89,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         ASTNode* parseTernaryConditional();
         ASTNode* parseMathematicalExpression();
 
-        ASTNode* parseFunctionDefintion();
+        ASTNode* parseFunctionDefinition();
         ASTNode* parseFunctionStatement();
         ASTNode* parseFunctionVariableAssignment();
         ASTNode* parseFunctionReturnStatement();
@@ -93,7 +99,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         void parseAttribute(Attributable *currNode);
         ASTNode* parseConditional();
         ASTNode* parseWhileStatement();
-        ASTNodeTypeDecl* parseType();
+        ASTNodeTypeDecl* parseType(bool allowString = false);
         ASTNode* parseUsingDeclaration();
         ASTNode* parsePadding();
         ASTNode* parseMemberVariable(ASTNodeTypeDecl *type);
@@ -238,12 +244,6 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             return this->m_curr[index].type == type && this->m_curr[index] == value;
         }
 
-        bool peekOptional(Token::Type type, auto value, u32 index = 0) {
-            if (index >= this->m_matchedOptionals.size())
-                return false;
-            return peek(type, value, std::distance(this->m_curr, this->m_matchedOptionals[index]));
-        }
-
     };
 
 }

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/pattern_language/pattern_data.hpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <hex/helpers/utils.hpp>
 #include <hex/helpers/fmt.hpp>
 #include <hex/helpers/concepts.hpp>
+#include <hex/helpers/logger.hpp>
 
 #include <cstring>
 #include <codecvt>
@@ -87,6 +88,13 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         [[nodiscard]] PatternData* getParent() const { return this->m_parent; }
         void setParent(PatternData *parent) { this->m_parent = parent; }
 
+        [[nodiscard]] std::string getDisplayName() const {  return this->m_displayName.value_or(this->m_variableName); }
+        void setDisplayName(const std::string &name) { this->m_displayName = name; }
+
+        void setFormatterFunction(const ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Function &function, Evaluator *evaluator) {
+            this->m_formatterFunction = { function, evaluator };
+        }
+
         virtual void createEntry(prv::Provider* &provider) = 0;
         [[nodiscard]] virtual std::string getFormattedName() const = 0;
 
@@ -117,9 +125,9 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         static bool sortPatternDataTable(ImGuiTableSortSpecs *sortSpecs, prv::Provider *provider, pl::PatternData* left, pl::PatternData* right) {
             if (sortSpecs->Specs->ColumnUserID == ImGui::GetID("name")) {
                 if (sortSpecs->Specs->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending)
-                    return left->getVariableName() > right->getVariableName();
+                    return left->getDisplayName() > right->getDisplayName();
                 else
-                    return left->getVariableName() < right->getVariableName();
+                    return left->getDisplayName() < right->getDisplayName();
             }
             else if (sortSpecs->Specs->ColumnUserID == ImGui::GetID("offset")) {
                 if (sortSpecs->Specs->SortDirection == ImGuiSortDirection_Ascending)
@@ -208,16 +216,16 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         }
 
     protected:
-        void createDefaultEntry(const std::string &value) const {
+        void createDefaultEntry(const std::string &value, const Token::Literal &literal) const {
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
-            ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+            ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             if (ImGui::Selectable(("##PatternDataLine"s + std::to_string(this->getOffset())).c_str(), false, ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns | ImGuiSelectableFlags_AllowItemOverlap)) {
                 EventManager::post<RequestSelectionChange>(Region { this->getOffset(), this->getSize() });
             }
             this->drawCommentTooltip();
             ImGui::SameLine();
-            ImGui::Text("%s", this->getVariableName().c_str());
+            ImGui::Text("%s", this->getDisplayName().c_str());
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::ColorButton("color", ImColor(this->getColor()), ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip, ImVec2(ImGui::GetColumnWidth(), ImGui::GetTextLineHeight()));
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
@@ -227,7 +235,20 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::TextColored(ImColor(0xFF9BC64D), "%s", this->getFormattedName().c_str());
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
-            ImGui::Text("%s", value.c_str());
+
+            if (!this->m_formatterFunction.has_value())
+                ImGui::Text("%s", value.c_str());
+            else {
+                auto &[func, evaluator] = this->m_formatterFunction.value();
+                auto result = func.func(evaluator, { literal });
+
+                if (result.has_value()) {
+                    if (auto displayValue = std::get_if<std::string>(&result.value()); displayValue != nullptr)
+                        ImGui::Text("%s", displayValue->c_str());
+                } else {
+                    ImGui::Text("???");
+                }
+            }
         }
 
         void drawCommentTooltip() const {
@@ -248,10 +269,13 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         size_t m_size;
 
         u32 m_color;
+        std::optional<std::string> m_displayName;
         std::string m_variableName;
         std::optional<std::string> m_comment;
         std::string m_typeName;
 
+        std::optional<std::pair<ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Function, Evaluator*>> m_formatterFunction;
+
         PatternData *m_parent;
         bool m_local = false;
     };
@@ -299,7 +323,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
-            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
             this->drawCommentTooltip();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::ColorButton("color", ImColor(this->getColor()), ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip, ImVec2(ImGui::GetColumnWidth(), ImGui::GetTextLineHeight()));
@@ -354,7 +378,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         void setPointedAtPattern(PatternData *pattern) {
             this->m_pointedAt = pattern;
-            this->m_pointedAt->setVariableName("*" + this->getVariableName());
+            this->m_pointedAt->setVariableName("*" + this->getDisplayName());
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] PatternData* getPointedAtPattern() {
@@ -380,11 +404,11 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         }
 
         void createEntry(prv::Provider* &provider) override {
-            u64 data = 0;
+            u128 data = 0;
             provider->read(this->getOffset(), &data, this->getSize());
             data = hex::changeEndianess(data, this->getSize(), this->getEndian());
 
-            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:d} (0x{:0{}X})", data, data, this->getSize() * 2));
+            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:d} (0x{:0{}X})", data, data, this->getSize() * 2), data);
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] std::string getFormattedName() const override {
@@ -411,42 +435,12 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         }
 
        void createEntry(prv::Provider* &provider) override {
-            u128 data = 0;
+            s128 data = 0;
             provider->read(this->getOffset(), &data, this->getSize());
             data = hex::changeEndianess(data, this->getSize(), this->getEndian());
 
-            switch (this->getSize()) {
-                case 1: {
-                    s8 signedData;
-                    std::memcpy(&signedData, &data, 1);
-                    this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:d} (0x{:0{}X})", signedData, data, 1 * 2));
-                }
-                break;
-                case 2: {
-                    s16 signedData;
-                    std::memcpy(&signedData, &data, 2);
-                    this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:d} (0x{:0{}X})", signedData, data, 2 * 2));
-                }
-                break;
-                case 4: {
-                    s32 signedData;
-                    std::memcpy(&signedData, &data, 4);
-                    this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:d} (0x{:0{}X})", signedData, data, 4 * 2));
-                }
-                break;
-                case 8: {
-                    s64 signedData;
-                    std::memcpy(&signedData, &data, 8);
-                    this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:d} (0x{:0{}X})", signedData, data, 8 * 2));
-                }
-                break;
-                case 16: {
-                    s128 signedData;
-                    std::memcpy(&signedData, &data, 16);
-                    this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:d} (0x{:0{}X})", signedData, data, 16 * 2));
-                }
-                break;
-            }
+            data = hex::signExtend(this->getSize() * 8, data);
+            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:d} (0x{:0{}X})", data, data, 1 * 2), data);
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] std::string getFormattedName() const override {
@@ -478,13 +472,13 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                 provider->read(this->getOffset(), &data, 4);
                 data = hex::changeEndianess(data, 4, this->getEndian());
 
-                this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:e} (0x{:0{}X})", *reinterpret_cast<float*>(&data), data, this->getSize() * 2));
+                this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:e} (0x{:0{}X})", *reinterpret_cast<float*>(&data), data, this->getSize() * 2), *reinterpret_cast<float*>(&data));
             } else if (this->getSize() == 8) {
                 u64 data = 0;
                 provider->read(this->getOffset(), &data, 8);
                 data = hex::changeEndianess(data, 8, this->getEndian());
 
-                this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:e} (0x{:0{}X})", *reinterpret_cast<double*>(&data), data, this->getSize() * 2));
+                this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("{:e} (0x{:0{}X})", *reinterpret_cast<double*>(&data), data, this->getSize() * 2), *reinterpret_cast<double*>(&data));
             }
         }
 
@@ -513,11 +507,11 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             provider->read(this->getOffset(), &boolean, 1);
 
             if (boolean == 0)
-                this->createDefaultEntry("false");
+                this->createDefaultEntry("false", false);
             else if (boolean == 1)
-                this->createDefaultEntry("true");
+                this->createDefaultEntry("true", true);
             else
-                this->createDefaultEntry("true*");
+                this->createDefaultEntry("true*", true);
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] std::string getFormattedName() const override {
@@ -540,7 +534,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             char character;
             provider->read(this->getOffset(), &character, 1);
 
-            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("'{0}'", character));
+            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("'{0}'", character), character);
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] std::string getFormattedName() const override {
@@ -564,7 +558,8 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             provider->read(this->getOffset(), &character, 2);
             character = hex::changeEndianess(character, this->getEndian());
 
-            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("'{0}'", std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>, char16_t>{}.to_bytes(character)));
+            u128 literal = character;
+            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("'{0}'", std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>, char16_t>{}.to_bytes(character)), literal);
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] std::string getFormattedName() const override {
@@ -587,7 +582,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             std::string buffer(this->getSize(), 0x00);
             provider->read(this->getOffset(), buffer.data(), this->getSize());
 
-            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("\"{0}\"", makeDisplayable(buffer.data(), this->getSize()).c_str()));
+            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("\"{0}\"", makeDisplayable(buffer.data(), this->getSize()).c_str()), buffer);
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] std::string getFormattedName() const override {
@@ -615,7 +610,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
             auto utf8String = std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<char16_t>, char16_t>{}.to_bytes(buffer);
 
-            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("\"{0}\"", utf8String)) ;
+            this->createDefaultEntry(hex::format("\"{0}\"", utf8String), utf8String);
         }
 
         [[nodiscard]] std::string getFormattedName() const override {
@@ -662,7 +657,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
-            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
             this->drawCommentTooltip();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::ColorButton("color", ImColor(this->getColor()), ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip, ImVec2(ImGui::GetColumnWidth(), ImGui::GetTextLineHeight()));
@@ -777,7 +772,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
-            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
             this->drawCommentTooltip();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::ColorButton("color", ImColor(this->getColor()), ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip, ImVec2(ImGui::GetColumnWidth(), ImGui::GetTextLineHeight()));
@@ -866,7 +861,8 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             this->m_template = templ;
             this->m_entryCount = count;
 
-            this->m_template->setColor(this->getColor());
+            this->setColor(this->m_template->getColor());
+            this->m_template->setEndian(templ->getEndian());
             this->m_template->setParent(this);
         }
 
@@ -914,7 +910,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         void createEntry(prv::Provider* &provider) override {
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
-            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth);
+            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth);
             this->drawCommentTooltip();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
@@ -1045,7 +1041,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         void createEntry(prv::Provider* &provider) override {
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
-            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
             this->drawCommentTooltip();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
@@ -1163,14 +1159,18 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
             bool foundValue = false;
             for (auto &[entryValueLiteral, entryName] : this->m_enumValues) {
-                bool matches = std::visit([&, name = entryName](auto &&entryValue) {
-                    if (value == entryValue) {
-                        valueString += name;
-                        foundValue = true;
-                        return true;
-                    }
+                bool matches = std::visit(overloaded {
+                    [&, name = entryName](auto &&entryValue) {
+                        if (value == entryValue) {
+                            valueString += name;
+                            foundValue = true;
+                            return true;
+                        }
 
-                    return false;
+                        return false;
+                    },
+                    [](std::string) { return false; },
+                    [](PatternData*) { return false; }
                 }, entryValueLiteral);
                 if (matches)
                     break;
@@ -1180,14 +1180,14 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                 valueString += "???";
 
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
-            ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+            ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
             this->drawCommentTooltip();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             if (ImGui::Selectable(("##PatternDataLine"s + std::to_string(this->getOffset())).c_str(), false, ImGuiSelectableFlags_SpanAllColumns)) {
                 EventManager::post<RequestSelectionChange>(Region { this->getOffset(), this->getSize() });
             }
             ImGui::SameLine();
-            ImGui::Text("%s", this->getVariableName().c_str());
+            ImGui::Text("%s", this->getDisplayName().c_str());
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::ColorButton("color", ImColor(this->getColor()), ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip, ImVec2(ImGui::GetColumnWidth(), ImGui::GetTextLineHeight()));
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
@@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             return this->m_enumValues;
         }
 
-        void setEnumValues(const std::vector<std::pair<Token::IntegerLiteral, std::string>> &enumValues) {
+        void setEnumValues(const std::vector<std::pair<Token::Literal, std::string>> &enumValues) {
             this->m_enumValues = enumValues;
         }
 
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         }
 
     private:
-        std::vector<std::pair<Token::IntegerLiteral, std::string>> m_enumValues;
+        std::vector<std::pair<Token::Literal, std::string>> m_enumValues;
     };
 
 
@@ -1252,9 +1252,9 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                 std::reverse(value.begin(), value.end());
 
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
-            ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+            ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_Leaf | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_NoTreePushOnOpen | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
-            ImGui::Text("%s", this->getVariableName().c_str());
+            ImGui::Text("%s", this->getDisplayName().c_str());
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::ColorButton("color", ImColor(this->getColor()), ImGuiColorEditFlags_NoTooltip, ImVec2(ImGui::GetColumnWidth(), ImGui::GetTextLineHeight()));
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
@@ -1309,6 +1309,11 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         }
 
+        PatternDataBitfield(const PatternDataBitfield &other) : PatternData(other) {
+            for (auto &field : other.m_fields)
+                this->m_fields.push_back(field->clone());
+        }
+
         ~PatternDataBitfield() override {
             for (auto field : this->m_fields)
                 delete field;
@@ -1327,7 +1332,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
             ImGui::TableNextRow();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
-            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getVariableName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
+            bool open = ImGui::TreeNodeEx(this->getDisplayName().c_str(), ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_SpanFullWidth | ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_AllowItemOverlap);
             this->drawCommentTooltip();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();
             ImGui::TableNextColumn();

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/pattern_language/pattern_language.hpp

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ namespace hex::pl {
     class Evaluator;
     class PatternData;
 
+    class ASTNode;
+
     class PatternLanguage {
     public:
         PatternLanguage();
@@ -39,6 +41,8 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         Validator *m_validator;
         Evaluator *m_evaluator;
 
+        std::vector<ASTNode*> m_currAST;
+
         prv::Provider *m_provider = nullptr;
         std::endian m_defaultEndian = std::endian::native;
         u32 m_recursionLimit = 32;

plugins/libimhex/include/hex/pattern_language/token.hpp

@@ -6,8 +6,12 @@
 #include <string>
 #include <variant>
 
+#include <hex/helpers/utils.hpp>
+
 namespace hex::pl {
 
+    class PatternData;
+
     class Token {
     public:
         enum class Type : u64 {
@@ -31,6 +35,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             If,
             Else,
             Parent,
+            This,
             While,
             Function,
             Return,
@@ -85,6 +90,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             Boolean             = 0x14,
             Float               = 0x42,
             Double              = 0x82,
+            String              = 0x15,
             CustomType          = 0x00,
             Padding             = 0x1F,
 
@@ -108,8 +114,21 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             EndOfProgram
         };
 
-        using IntegerLiteral = std::variant<char, bool, u8, s8, u16, s16, u32, s32, u64, s64, u128, s128, float, double>;
-        using ValueTypes = std::variant<Keyword, std::string, Operator, IntegerLiteral, ValueType, Separator>;
+        struct Identifier {
+            explicit Identifier(std::string identifier) : m_identifier(std::move(identifier)) { }
+
+            [[nodiscard]]
+            const std::string &get() const { return this->m_identifier; }
+
+            auto operator<=>(const Identifier&) const = default;
+            bool operator==(const Identifier&) const = default;
+
+        private:
+            std::string m_identifier;
+        };
+
+        using Literal = std::variant<char, bool, u128, s128, double, std::string, PatternData*>;
+        using ValueTypes = std::variant<Keyword, Identifier, Operator, Literal, ValueType, Separator>;
 
         Token(Type type, auto value, u32 lineNumber) : type(type), value(value), lineNumber(lineNumber) {
 
@@ -131,6 +150,58 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             return static_cast<u32>(type) >> 4;
         }
 
+        static u128 literalToUnsigned(const pl::Token::Literal &literal) {
+            return std::visit(overloaded {
+                                      [](std::string) -> u128 { throw std::string("expected integral type, got string"); },
+                                      [](PatternData*) -> u128 { throw std::string("expected integral type, got custom type"); },
+                                      [](auto &&value) -> u128 { return value; }
+                              },
+                              literal);
+        }
+
+        static s128 literalToSigned(const pl::Token::Literal &literal) {
+            return std::visit(overloaded {
+                                      [](std::string) -> s128 { throw std::string("expected integral type, got string"); },
+                                      [](PatternData*) -> s128 { throw std::string("expected integral type, got custom type"); },
+                                      [](auto &&value) -> s128 { return value; }
+                              },
+                              literal);
+        }
+
+        static double literalToFloatingPoint(const pl::Token::Literal &literal) {
+            return std::visit(overloaded {
+                                      [](std::string) -> double { throw std::string("expected integral type, got string"); },
+                                      [](PatternData*) -> double { throw std::string("expected integral type, got custom type"); },
+                                      [](auto &&value) -> double { return value; }
+                              },
+                              literal);
+        }
+
+        static bool literalToBoolean(const pl::Token::Literal &literal) {
+            return std::visit(overloaded {
+                                      [](std::string) -> bool { throw std::string("expected integral type, got string"); },
+                                      [](PatternData*) -> bool { throw std::string("expected integral type, got custom type"); },
+                                      [](auto &&value) -> bool { return value != 0; }
+                              },
+                              literal);
+        }
+
+        static std::string literalToString(const pl::Token::Literal &literal, bool cast) {
+            if (!cast && std::get_if<std::string>(&literal) == nullptr)
+                throw std::string("expected string type, got integral");
+
+            return std::visit(overloaded {
+                                      [](std::string value) -> std::string { return value; },
+                                      [](u128 value)   -> std::string { return std::to_string(u64(value)); },
+                                      [](s128 value)   -> std::string { return std::to_string(s64(value)); },
+                                      [](bool value)   -> std::string { return value ? "true" : "false"; },
+                                      [](char value)   -> std::string { return std::string() + value; },
+                                      [](PatternData*) -> std::string { throw std::string("expected integral type, got custom type"); },
+                                      [](auto &&value) -> std::string { return std::to_string(value); }
+                              },
+                              literal);
+        }
+
         [[nodiscard]] constexpr static auto getTypeName(const pl::Token::ValueType type) {
             switch (type) {
                 case ValueType::Signed8Bit:     return "s8";
@@ -147,6 +218,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                 case ValueType::Double:         return "double";
                 case ValueType::Character:      return "char";
                 case ValueType::Character16:    return "char16";
+                case ValueType::Padding:        return "padding";
                 default:                        return "< ??? >";
             }
         }
@@ -204,14 +276,15 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 #define KEYWORD_IF                          COMPONENT(Keyword, If)
 #define KEYWORD_ELSE                        COMPONENT(Keyword, Else)
 #define KEYWORD_PARENT                      COMPONENT(Keyword, Parent)
+#define KEYWORD_THIS                        COMPONENT(Keyword, This)
 #define KEYWORD_WHILE                       COMPONENT(Keyword, While)
 #define KEYWORD_FUNCTION                    COMPONENT(Keyword, Function)
 #define KEYWORD_RETURN                      COMPONENT(Keyword, Return)
 #define KEYWORD_NAMESPACE                   COMPONENT(Keyword, Namespace)
 
-#define INTEGER                             hex::pl::Token::Type::Integer, hex::pl::Token::IntegerLiteral(u64(0))
+#define INTEGER                             hex::pl::Token::Type::Integer, hex::pl::Token::Literal(u128(0))
 #define IDENTIFIER                          hex::pl::Token::Type::Identifier, ""
-#define STRING                              hex::pl::Token::Type::String, ""
+#define STRING                              hex::pl::Token::Type::String, hex::pl::Token::Literal("")
 
 #define OPERATOR_AT                         COMPONENT(Operator, AtDeclaration)
 #define OPERATOR_ASSIGNMENT                 COMPONENT(Operator, Assignment)

plugins/libimhex/source/api/content_registry.cpp

@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ namespace hex {
     /* Pattern Language Functions */
 
 
-    void ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(const Namespace &ns, const std::string &name, u32 parameterCount, const std::function<hex::pl::ASTNode*(hex::pl::Evaluator&, std::vector<hex::pl::ASTNode*>&)> &func) {
+    void ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(const Namespace &ns, const std::string &name, u32 parameterCount, const ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Callback &func) {
         std::string functionName;
         for (auto &scope : ns)
             functionName += scope + "::";

plugins/libimhex/source/pattern_language/lexer.cpp

@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         return string.find_first_not_of("0123456789ABCDEFabcdef.xUL");
     }
 
-    std::optional<Token::IntegerLiteral> parseIntegerLiteral(const std::string &string) {
+    std::optional<Token::Literal> parseIntegerLiteral(const std::string &string) {
         Token::ValueType type = Token::ValueType::Any;
-        Token::IntegerLiteral result;
+        Token::Literal result;
 
         u8 base;
 
@@ -38,20 +38,8 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         auto numberData = std::string_view(string).substr(0, endPos);
 
         if (numberData.ends_with('U')) {
-            type = Token::ValueType::Unsigned32Bit;
-            numberData.remove_suffix(1);
-        } else if (numberData.ends_with("UL")) {
-            type = Token::ValueType::Unsigned64Bit;
-            numberData.remove_suffix(2);
-        } else if (numberData.ends_with("ULL")) {
             type = Token::ValueType::Unsigned128Bit;
-            numberData.remove_suffix(3);
-        } else if (numberData.ends_with("L")) {
-            type = Token::ValueType::Signed64Bit;
             numberData.remove_suffix(1);
-        } else if (numberData.ends_with("LL")) {
-            type = Token::ValueType::Signed128Bit;
-            numberData.remove_suffix(2);
         } else if (!numberData.starts_with("0x") && !numberData.starts_with("0b")) {
             if (numberData.ends_with('F')) {
                 type = Token::ValueType::Float;
@@ -98,7 +86,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         } else return { };
 
         if (type == Token::ValueType::Any)
-            type = Token::ValueType::Signed32Bit;
+            type = Token::ValueType::Signed128Bit;
 
 
         if (numberData.length() == 0)
@@ -119,10 +107,6 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             }
 
             switch (type) {
-                case Token::ValueType::Unsigned32Bit:  return { u32(integer) };
-                case Token::ValueType::Signed32Bit:    return { s32(integer) };
-                case Token::ValueType::Unsigned64Bit:  return { u64(integer) };
-                case Token::ValueType::Signed64Bit:    return { s64(integer) };
                 case Token::ValueType::Unsigned128Bit: return { u128(integer) };
                 case Token::ValueType::Signed128Bit:   return { s128(integer) };
                 default: return { };
@@ -379,7 +363,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
                     auto [c, charSize] = character.value();
 
-                    tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Integer, c));
+                    tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Integer, Token::Literal(c)));
                     offset += charSize;
                 } else if (c == '\"') {
                     auto string = getStringLiteral(code.substr(offset));
@@ -389,7 +373,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
                     auto [s, stringSize] = string.value();
 
-                    tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(String, s));
+                    tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(String, Token::Literal(s)));
                     offset += stringSize;
                 } else if (std::isalpha(c)) {
                     std::string identifier = matchTillInvalid(&code[offset], [](char c) -> bool { return std::isalnum(c) || c == '_'; });
@@ -415,11 +399,13 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                     else if (identifier == "else")
                         tokens.emplace_back(TOKEN(Keyword, Else));
                     else if (identifier == "false")
-                        tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Integer, bool(0)));
+                        tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Integer, Token::Literal(false)));
                     else if (identifier == "true")
-                        tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Integer, bool(1)));
+                        tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Integer, Token::Literal(true)));
                     else if (identifier == "parent")
                         tokens.emplace_back(TOKEN(Keyword, Parent));
+                    else if (identifier == "this")
+                        tokens.emplace_back(TOKEN(Keyword, This));
                     else if (identifier == "while")
                         tokens.emplace_back(TOKEN(Keyword, While));
                     else if (identifier == "fn")
@@ -460,13 +446,15 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                         tokens.emplace_back(TOKEN(ValueType, Character16));
                     else if (identifier == "bool")
                         tokens.emplace_back(TOKEN(ValueType, Boolean));
+                    else if (identifier == "str")
+                        tokens.emplace_back(TOKEN(ValueType, String));
                     else if (identifier == "padding")
                         tokens.emplace_back(TOKEN(ValueType, Padding));
 
                     // If it's not a keyword and a builtin type, it has to be an identifier
 
                     else
-                        tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Identifier, identifier));
+                        tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Identifier, Token::Identifier(identifier)));
 
                     offset += identifier.length();
                 } else if (std::isdigit(c)) {
@@ -476,7 +464,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                         throwLexerError("invalid integer literal", lineNumber);
 
 
-                    tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Integer, integer.value()));
+                    tokens.emplace_back(VALUE_TOKEN(Integer, Token::Literal(integer.value())));
                     offset += getIntegerLiteralLength(&code[offset]);
                 } else
                     throwLexerError("unknown token", lineNumber);

plugins/libimhex/source/pattern_language/parser.cpp

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 #include <hex/pattern_language/parser.hpp>
 
-#include <hex/helpers/fmt.hpp>
-
 #include <optional>
 
 #define MATCHES(x) (begin() && x)
 
-#define TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(node) new ASTNodeNumericExpression((node), new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(s32(0)), Token::Operator::Plus)
-
 // Definition syntax:
 // [A]          : Either A or no token
 // [A|B]        : Either A, B or no token
@@ -33,10 +29,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         };
 
         while (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETCLOSE))) {
-            if (MATCHES(sequence(STRING)))
-                params.push_back(parseStringLiteral());
-            else
-                params.push_back(parseMathematicalExpression());
+            params.push_back(parseMathematicalExpression());
 
             if (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_COMMA, SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETCLOSE)))
                 throwParseError("unexpected ',' at end of function parameter list", -1);
@@ -49,18 +42,18 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         paramCleanup.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeFunctionCall(functionName, params);
+        return create(new ASTNodeFunctionCall(functionName, params));
     }
 
     ASTNode* Parser::parseStringLiteral() {
-        return new ASTNodeStringLiteral(getValue<std::string>(-1));
+        return create(new ASTNodeLiteral(getValue<Token::Literal>(-1)));
     }
 
     std::string Parser::parseNamespaceResolution() {
         std::string name;
 
         while (true) {
-            name += getValue<std::string>(-1);
+            name += getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get();
 
             if (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_SCOPERESOLUTION, IDENTIFIER))) {
                 name += "::";
@@ -77,14 +70,14 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         std::string typeName;
 
         while (true) {
-            typeName += getValue<std::string>(-1);
+            typeName += getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get();
 
             if (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_SCOPERESOLUTION, IDENTIFIER))) {
                 if (peek(OPERATOR_SCOPERESOLUTION, 0) && peek(IDENTIFIER, 1)) {
                     typeName += "::";
                    continue;
                 } else {
-                    return new ASTNodeScopeResolution({ typeName, getValue<std::string>(-1) });
+                    return create(new ASTNodeScopeResolution({ typeName, getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get() }));
                 }
             }
             else
@@ -97,9 +90,11 @@ namespace hex::pl {
     // <Identifier[.]...>
     ASTNode* Parser::parseRValue(ASTNodeRValue::Path &path) {
         if (peek(IDENTIFIER, -1))
-            path.push_back(getValue<std::string>(-1));
+            path.push_back(getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get());
         else if (peek(KEYWORD_PARENT, -1))
             path.emplace_back("parent");
+        else if (peek(KEYWORD_THIS, -1))
+            path.emplace_back("this");
 
         if (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_SQUAREBRACKETOPEN))) {
             path.push_back(parseMathematicalExpression());
@@ -113,13 +108,13 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             else
                 throwParseError("expected member name or 'parent' keyword", -1);
         } else
-            return new ASTNodeRValue(path);
+            return create(new ASTNodeRValue(path));
     }
 
     // <Integer|((parseMathematicalExpression))>
     ASTNode* Parser::parseFactor() {
         if (MATCHES(sequence(INTEGER)))
-            return TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(getValue<Token::IntegerLiteral>(-1)));
+            return new ASTNodeLiteral(getValue<Token::Literal>(-1));
         else if (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETOPEN))) {
             auto node = this->parseMathematicalExpression();
             if (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETCLOSE))) {
@@ -135,34 +130,54 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
 
             if (isFunction) {
-                return TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(this->parseFunctionCall());
+                return this->parseFunctionCall();
             } else if (peek(OPERATOR_SCOPERESOLUTION, 0)) {
-                return TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(this->parseScopeResolution());
+                return this->parseScopeResolution();
             } else {
                 ASTNodeRValue::Path path;
-                return TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(this->parseRValue(path));
+                return this->parseRValue(path);
             }
-        } else if (MATCHES(oneOf(KEYWORD_PARENT))) {
+        } else if (MATCHES(oneOf(KEYWORD_PARENT, KEYWORD_THIS))) {
             ASTNodeRValue::Path path;
-            return TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(this->parseRValue(path));
+            return this->parseRValue(path);
         } else if (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_DOLLAR))) {
-            return TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(new ASTNodeRValue({ "$" }));
+            return new ASTNodeRValue({ "$" });
         } else if (MATCHES(oneOf(OPERATOR_ADDRESSOF, OPERATOR_SIZEOF) && sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETOPEN))) {
             auto op = getValue<Token::Operator>(-2);
 
-            if (!MATCHES(oneOf(IDENTIFIER, KEYWORD_PARENT))) {
+            if (!MATCHES(oneOf(IDENTIFIER, KEYWORD_PARENT, KEYWORD_THIS))) {
                 throwParseError("expected rvalue identifier");
             }
 
             ASTNodeRValue::Path path;
-            auto node = new ASTNodeTypeOperator(op, this->parseRValue(path));
+            auto node = create(new ASTNodeTypeOperator(op, this->parseRValue(path)));
             if (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETCLOSE))) {
                 delete node;
                 throwParseError("expected closing parenthesis");
             }
-            return TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(node);
+            return node;
         } else
-            throwParseError("expected integer or parenthesis");
+            throwParseError("expected value or parenthesis");
+    }
+
+    ASTNode* Parser::parseCastExpression() {
+        if (peek(KEYWORD_BE) || peek(KEYWORD_LE) || peek(VALUETYPE_ANY)) {
+            auto type = parseType();
+            auto builtinType = dynamic_cast<ASTNodeBuiltinType*>(type->getType());
+
+            if (builtinType == nullptr)
+                throwParseError("invalid type used for pointer size", -1);
+
+            if (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETOPEN)))
+                throwParseError("expected '(' before cast expression", -1);
+
+            auto node = parseFactor();
+
+            if (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETCLOSE)))
+                throwParseError("expected ')' after cast expression", -1);
+
+            return new ASTNodeCast(node, type);
+        } else return parseFactor();
     }
 
     // <+|-|!|~> (parseFactor)
@@ -170,10 +185,12 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         if (MATCHES(oneOf(OPERATOR_PLUS, OPERATOR_MINUS, OPERATOR_BOOLNOT, OPERATOR_BITNOT))) {
             auto op = getValue<Token::Operator>(-1);
 
-            return new ASTNodeNumericExpression(new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(0), this->parseFactor(), op);
+            return create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(new ASTNodeLiteral(0), this->parseCastExpression(), op));
+        } else if (MATCHES(sequence(STRING))) {
+            return this->parseStringLiteral();
         }
 
-        return this->parseFactor();
+        return this->parseCastExpression();
     }
 
     // (parseUnaryExpression) <*|/|%> (parseUnaryExpression)
@@ -184,7 +201,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         while (MATCHES(oneOf(OPERATOR_STAR, OPERATOR_SLASH, OPERATOR_PERCENT))) {
             auto op = getValue<Token::Operator>(-1);
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseUnaryExpression(), op);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseUnaryExpression(), op));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -200,7 +217,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         while (MATCHES(variant(OPERATOR_PLUS, OPERATOR_MINUS))) {
             auto op = getValue<Token::Operator>(-1);
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseMultiplicativeExpression(), op);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseMultiplicativeExpression(), op));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -216,7 +233,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         while (MATCHES(variant(OPERATOR_SHIFTLEFT, OPERATOR_SHIFTRIGHT))) {
             auto op = getValue<Token::Operator>(-1);
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseAdditiveExpression(), op);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseAdditiveExpression(), op));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -232,7 +249,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         while (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLGREATERTHAN) || sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLLESSTHAN) || sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLGREATERTHANOREQUALS) || sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLLESSTHANOREQUALS))) {
             auto op = getValue<Token::Operator>(-1);
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseShiftExpression(), op);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseShiftExpression(), op));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -248,7 +265,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         while (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLEQUALS) || sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLNOTEQUALS))) {
             auto op = getValue<Token::Operator>(-1);
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseRelationExpression(), op);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseRelationExpression(), op));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -263,7 +280,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         auto nodeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete node; };
 
         while (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_BITAND))) {
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseEqualityExpression(), Token::Operator::BitAnd);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseEqualityExpression(), Token::Operator::BitAnd));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -278,7 +295,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         auto nodeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete node; };
 
         while (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_BITXOR))) {
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseBinaryAndExpression(), Token::Operator::BitXor);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseBinaryAndExpression(), Token::Operator::BitXor));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -293,7 +310,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         auto nodeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete node; };
 
         while (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_BITOR))) {
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseBinaryXorExpression(), Token::Operator::BitOr);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseBinaryXorExpression(), Token::Operator::BitOr));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -308,7 +325,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         auto nodeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete node; };
 
         while (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLAND))) {
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseBinaryOrExpression(), Token::Operator::BitOr);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseBinaryOrExpression(), Token::Operator::BitOr));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -323,7 +340,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         auto nodeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete node; };
 
         while (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLXOR))) {
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseBooleanAnd(), Token::Operator::BitOr);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseBooleanAnd(), Token::Operator::BitOr));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -338,7 +355,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         auto nodeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete node; };
 
         while (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_BOOLOR))) {
-            node = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(node, this->parseBooleanXor(), Token::Operator::BitOr);
+            node = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(node, this->parseBooleanXor(), Token::Operator::BitOr));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -359,7 +376,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                 throwParseError("expected ':' in ternary expression");
 
             auto third = this->parseBooleanOr();
-            node = TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(new ASTNodeTernaryExpression(node, second, third, Token::Operator::TernaryConditional));
+            node = create(new ASTNodeTernaryExpression(node, second, third, Token::Operator::TernaryConditional));
         }
 
         nodeCleanup.release();
@@ -381,14 +398,19 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             if (!MATCHES(sequence(IDENTIFIER)))
                 throwParseError("expected attribute expression");
 
-            auto attribute = this->getValue<std::string>(-1);
+            auto attribute = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get();
 
             if (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETOPEN, STRING, SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETCLOSE))) {
-                auto value = this->getValue<std::string>(-2);
-                currNode->addAttribute(new ASTNodeAttribute(attribute, value));
+                auto value = getValue<Token::Literal>(-2);
+                auto string = std::get_if<std::string>(&value);
+
+                if (string == nullptr)
+                    throwParseError("expected string attribute argument");
+
+                currNode->addAttribute(create(new ASTNodeAttribute(attribute, *string)));
             }
             else
-                currNode->addAttribute(new ASTNodeAttribute(attribute));
+                currNode->addAttribute(create(new ASTNodeAttribute(attribute)));
 
         } while (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_COMMA)));
 
@@ -398,16 +420,24 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
     /* Functions */
 
-    ASTNode* Parser::parseFunctionDefintion() {
-        const auto &functionName = getValue<std::string>(-2);
-        std::vector<std::string> params;
+    ASTNode* Parser::parseFunctionDefinition() {
+        const auto &functionName = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
+        std::map<std::string, ASTNode*> params;
 
         // Parse parameter list
-        bool hasParams = MATCHES(sequence(IDENTIFIER));
+        bool hasParams = !peek(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETCLOSE);
+        u32 unnamedParamCount = 0;
         while (hasParams) {
-            params.push_back(getValue<std::string>(-1));
+            auto type = parseType(true);
 
-            if (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_COMMA, IDENTIFIER))) {
+            if (MATCHES(sequence(IDENTIFIER)))
+                params.emplace(getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get(), type);
+            else {
+                params.emplace(std::to_string(unnamedParamCount), type);
+                unnamedParamCount++;
+            }
+
+            if (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_COMMA))) {
                 if (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETCLOSE)))
                     break;
                 else
@@ -435,7 +465,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         }
 
         bodyCleanup.release();
-        return new ASTNodeFunctionDefinition(getNamespacePrefixedName(functionName), params, body);
+        return create(new ASTNodeFunctionDefinition(getNamespacePrefixedName(functionName), params, body));
     }
 
     ASTNode* Parser::parseFunctionStatement() {
@@ -487,18 +517,18 @@ namespace hex::pl {
     }
 
     ASTNode* Parser::parseFunctionVariableAssignment() {
-        const auto &lvalue = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        const auto &lvalue = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
 
         auto rvalue = this->parseMathematicalExpression();
 
-        return new ASTNodeAssignment(lvalue, rvalue);
+        return create(new ASTNodeAssignment(lvalue, rvalue));
     }
 
     ASTNode* Parser::parseFunctionReturnStatement() {
         if (peek(SEPARATOR_ENDOFEXPRESSION))
-            return new ASTNodeReturnStatement(nullptr);
+            return create(new ASTNodeReturnStatement(nullptr));
         else
-            return new ASTNodeReturnStatement(this->parseMathematicalExpression());
+            return create(new ASTNodeReturnStatement(this->parseMathematicalExpression()));
     }
 
     ASTNode* Parser::parseFunctionConditional() {
@@ -532,7 +562,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         cleanup.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeConditionalStatement(condition, trueBody, falseBody);
+        return create(new ASTNodeConditionalStatement(condition, trueBody, falseBody));
     }
 
     ASTNode* Parser::parseFunctionWhileLoop() {
@@ -556,7 +586,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         cleanup.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeWhileStatement(condition, body);
+        return create(new ASTNodeWhileStatement(condition, body));
     }
 
     /* Control flow */
@@ -593,7 +623,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         cleanup.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeConditionalStatement(condition, trueBody, falseBody);
+        return create(new ASTNodeConditionalStatement(condition, trueBody, falseBody));
     }
 
     // while ((parseMathematicalExpression))
@@ -609,13 +639,13 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         cleanup.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeWhileStatement(condition, { });
+        return create(new ASTNodeWhileStatement(condition, { }));
     }
 
     /* Type declarations */
 
-    // [be|le] <Identifier|u8|u16|u32|u64|u128|s8|s16|s32|s64|s128|float|double>
-    ASTNodeTypeDecl* Parser::parseType() {
+    // [be|le] <Identifier|u8|u16|u32|u64|u128|s8|s16|s32|s64|s128|float|double|str>
+    ASTNodeTypeDecl* Parser::parseType(bool allowString) {
         std::optional<std::endian> endian;
 
         if (MATCHES(sequence(KEYWORD_LE)))
@@ -627,24 +657,28 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             std::string typeName = parseNamespaceResolution();
 
             if (this->m_types.contains(typeName))
-                return new ASTNodeTypeDecl({ }, this->m_types[typeName]->clone(), endian);
+                return create(new ASTNodeTypeDecl({ }, this->m_types[typeName]->clone(), endian));
             else if (this->m_types.contains(getNamespacePrefixedName(typeName)))
-                return new ASTNodeTypeDecl({ }, this->m_types[getNamespacePrefixedName(typeName)]->clone(), endian);
+                return create(new ASTNodeTypeDecl({ }, this->m_types[getNamespacePrefixedName(typeName)]->clone(), endian));
             else
                 throwParseError(hex::format("unknown type '{}'", typeName));
         }
         else if (MATCHES(sequence(VALUETYPE_ANY))) { // Builtin type
-            return new ASTNodeTypeDecl({ }, new ASTNodeBuiltinType(getValue<Token::ValueType>(-1)), endian);
+            auto type = getValue<Token::ValueType>(-1);
+            if (!allowString && type == Token::ValueType::String)
+                throwParseError("cannot use 'str' in this context. Use a character array instead");
+
+            return create(new ASTNodeTypeDecl({ }, new ASTNodeBuiltinType(type), endian));
         } else throwParseError("failed to parse type. Expected identifier or builtin type");
     }
 
     // using Identifier = (parseType)
     ASTNode* Parser::parseUsingDeclaration() {
-        auto name = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
         auto *type = dynamic_cast<ASTNodeTypeDecl *>(parseType());
         if (type == nullptr) throwParseError("invalid type used in variable declaration", -1);
 
-        return new ASTNodeTypeDecl(name, type, type->getEndian());
+        return create(new ASTNodeTypeDecl(name, type, type->getEndian()));
     }
 
     // padding[(parseMathematicalExpression)]
@@ -656,7 +690,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             throwParseError("expected closing ']' at end of array declaration", -1);
         }
 
-        return new ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl({ }, new ASTNodeTypeDecl({ }, new ASTNodeBuiltinType(Token::ValueType::Padding)), size);;
+        return create(new ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl({ }, new ASTNodeTypeDecl({ }, new ASTNodeBuiltinType(Token::ValueType::Padding)), size));
     }
 
     // (parseType) Identifier
@@ -667,19 +701,19 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             auto variableCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { for (auto var : variables) delete var; };
 
             do {
-                variables.push_back(new ASTNodeVariableDecl(getValue<std::string>(-1), type->clone()));
+                variables.push_back(create(new ASTNodeVariableDecl(getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get(), type->clone())));
             } while (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_COMMA, IDENTIFIER)));
 
             variableCleanup.release();
 
-            return new ASTNodeMultiVariableDecl(variables);
+            return create(new ASTNodeMultiVariableDecl(variables));
         } else
-            return new ASTNodeVariableDecl(getValue<std::string>(-1), type->clone());
+            return create(new ASTNodeVariableDecl(getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get(), type->clone()));
     }
 
     // (parseType) Identifier[(parseMathematicalExpression)]
     ASTNode* Parser::parseMemberArrayVariable(ASTNodeTypeDecl *type) {
-        auto name = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
 
         ASTNode *size = nullptr;
         auto sizeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete size; };
@@ -696,12 +730,12 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         sizeCleanup.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl(name, type->clone(), size);
+        return create(new ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl(name, type->clone(), size));
     }
 
     // (parseType) *Identifier : (parseType)
     ASTNode* Parser::parseMemberPointerVariable(ASTNodeTypeDecl *type) {
-        auto name = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
 
         auto sizeType = parseType();
 
@@ -712,7 +746,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                 throwParseError("invalid type used for pointer size", -1);
         }
 
-        return new ASTNodePointerVariableDecl(name, type->clone(), sizeType);
+        return create(new ASTNodePointerVariableDecl(name, type->clone(), sizeType));
     }
 
     // [(parsePadding)|(parseMemberVariable)|(parseMemberArrayVariable)|(parseMemberPointerVariable)]
@@ -758,8 +792,8 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
     // struct Identifier { <(parseMember)...> }
     ASTNode* Parser::parseStruct() {
-        const auto structNode = new ASTNodeStruct();
-        const auto &typeName = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        const auto structNode = create(new ASTNodeStruct());
+        const auto &typeName = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
         auto structGuard = SCOPE_GUARD { delete structNode; };
 
         while (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_CURLYBRACKETCLOSE))) {
@@ -768,13 +802,13 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         structGuard.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeTypeDecl(typeName, structNode);
+        return create(new ASTNodeTypeDecl(typeName, structNode));
     }
 
     // union Identifier { <(parseMember)...> }
     ASTNode* Parser::parseUnion() {
-        const auto unionNode = new ASTNodeUnion();
-        const auto &typeName = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        const auto unionNode = create(new ASTNodeUnion());
+        const auto &typeName = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
         auto unionGuard = SCOPE_GUARD { delete unionNode; };
 
         while (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_CURLYBRACKETCLOSE))) {
@@ -783,17 +817,17 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         unionGuard.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeTypeDecl(typeName, unionNode);
+        return create(new ASTNodeTypeDecl(typeName, unionNode));
     }
 
     // enum Identifier : (parseType) { <<Identifier|Identifier = (parseMathematicalExpression)[,]>...> }
     ASTNode* Parser::parseEnum() {
-        auto typeName = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        auto typeName = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
 
         auto underlyingType = parseType();
         if (underlyingType->getEndian().has_value()) throwParseError("underlying type may not have an endian specification", -2);
 
-        const auto enumNode = new ASTNodeEnum(underlyingType);
+        const auto enumNode = create(new ASTNodeEnum(underlyingType));
         auto enumGuard = SCOPE_GUARD { delete enumNode; };
 
         if (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_CURLYBRACKETOPEN)))
@@ -802,7 +836,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         ASTNode *lastEntry = nullptr;
         while (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_CURLYBRACKETCLOSE))) {
             if (MATCHES(sequence(IDENTIFIER, OPERATOR_ASSIGNMENT))) {
-                auto name = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+                auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
                 auto value = parseMathematicalExpression();
 
                 enumNode->addEntry(name, value);
@@ -810,11 +844,11 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             }
             else if (MATCHES(sequence(IDENTIFIER))) {
                 ASTNode *valueExpr;
-                auto name = getValue<std::string>(-1);
+                auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get();
                 if (enumNode->getEntries().empty())
-                    valueExpr = lastEntry = TO_NUMERIC_EXPRESSION(new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(u8(0)));
+                    valueExpr = lastEntry = create(new ASTNodeLiteral(u128(0)));
                 else
-                    valueExpr = lastEntry = new ASTNodeNumericExpression(lastEntry->clone(), new ASTNodeIntegerLiteral(s32(1)), Token::Operator::Plus);
+                    valueExpr = lastEntry = create(new ASTNodeMathematicalExpression(lastEntry->clone(), new ASTNodeLiteral(u128(1)), Token::Operator::Plus));
 
                 enumNode->addEntry(name, valueExpr);
             }
@@ -833,19 +867,19 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         enumGuard.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeTypeDecl(typeName, enumNode);
+        return create(new ASTNodeTypeDecl(typeName, enumNode));
     }
 
     // bitfield Identifier { <Identifier : (parseMathematicalExpression)[;]...> }
     ASTNode* Parser::parseBitfield() {
-        std::string typeName = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        std::string typeName = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
 
-        const auto bitfieldNode = new ASTNodeBitfield();
+        const auto bitfieldNode = create(new ASTNodeBitfield());
         auto enumGuard = SCOPE_GUARD { delete bitfieldNode; };
 
         while (!MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_CURLYBRACKETCLOSE))) {
             if (MATCHES(sequence(IDENTIFIER, OPERATOR_INHERIT))) {
-                auto name = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+                auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
                 bitfieldNode->addEntry(name, parseMathematicalExpression());
             }
             else if (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ENDOFPROGRAM)))
@@ -862,24 +896,24 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         enumGuard.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeTypeDecl(typeName, bitfieldNode);
+        return create(new ASTNodeTypeDecl(typeName, bitfieldNode));
     }
 
     // (parseType) Identifier @ Integer
     ASTNode* Parser::parseVariablePlacement(ASTNodeTypeDecl *type) {
-        auto name = getValue<std::string>(-1);
+        auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get();
 
         if (!MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_AT)))
             throwParseError("expected placement instruction", -1);
 
         auto placementOffset = parseMathematicalExpression();
 
-        return new ASTNodeVariableDecl(name, type, placementOffset);
+        return create(new ASTNodeVariableDecl(name, type, placementOffset));
     }
 
     // (parseType) Identifier[[(parseMathematicalExpression)]] @ Integer
     ASTNode* Parser::parseArrayVariablePlacement(ASTNodeTypeDecl *type) {
-        auto name = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
 
         ASTNode *size = nullptr;
         auto sizeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete size; };
@@ -901,12 +935,12 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         sizeCleanup.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl(name, type, size, placementOffset);
+        return create(new ASTNodeArrayVariableDecl(name, type, size, placementOffset));
     }
 
     // (parseType) *Identifier : (parseType) @ Integer
     ASTNode* Parser::parsePointerVariablePlacement(ASTNodeTypeDecl *type) {
-        auto name = getValue<std::string>(-2);
+        auto name = getValue<Token::Identifier>(-2).get();
 
         auto sizeType = parseType();
         auto sizeCleanup = SCOPE_GUARD { delete sizeType; };
@@ -925,7 +959,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
         sizeCleanup.release();
 
-        return new ASTNodePointerVariableDecl(name, type, sizeType, placementOffset);
+        return create(new ASTNodePointerVariableDecl(name, type, sizeType, placementOffset));
     }
 
     std::vector<ASTNode*> Parser::parseNamespace() {
@@ -937,7 +971,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         this->m_currNamespace.push_back(this->m_currNamespace.back());
 
         while (true) {
-            this->m_currNamespace.back().push_back(getValue<std::string>(-1));
+            this->m_currNamespace.back().push_back(getValue<Token::Identifier>(-1).get());
 
             if (MATCHES(sequence(OPERATOR_SCOPERESOLUTION, IDENTIFIER)))
                 continue;
@@ -974,7 +1008,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
 
     // <(parseUsingDeclaration)|(parseVariablePlacement)|(parseStruct)>
     std::vector<ASTNode*> Parser::parseStatements() {
-        ASTNode *statement = nullptr;
+        ASTNode *statement;
 
         if (MATCHES(sequence(KEYWORD_USING, IDENTIFIER, OPERATOR_ASSIGNMENT)))
             statement = parseUsingDeclaration();
@@ -1003,7 +1037,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         else if (MATCHES(sequence(KEYWORD_BITFIELD, IDENTIFIER, SEPARATOR_CURLYBRACKETOPEN)))
             statement = parseBitfield();
         else if (MATCHES(sequence(KEYWORD_FUNCTION, IDENTIFIER, SEPARATOR_ROUNDBRACKETOPEN)))
-            statement = parseFunctionDefintion();
+            statement = parseFunctionDefinition();
         else if (MATCHES(sequence(KEYWORD_NAMESPACE)))
             return parseNamespace();
         else throwParseError("invalid sequence", 0);
@@ -1018,7 +1052,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         while (MATCHES(sequence(SEPARATOR_ENDOFEXPRESSION)));
 
         if (auto typeDecl = dynamic_cast<ASTNodeTypeDecl*>(statement); typeDecl != nullptr) {
-            auto typeName = getNamespacePrefixedName(typeDecl->getName().data());
+            auto typeName = getNamespacePrefixedName(typeDecl->getName());
 
             if (this->m_types.contains(typeName))
                 throwParseError(hex::format("redefinition of type '{}'", typeName));

plugins/libimhex/source/pattern_language/pattern_language.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <hex/helpers/file.hpp>
 #include <hex/providers/provider.hpp>
+#include <hex/helpers/logger.hpp>
 
 #include <hex/pattern_language/preprocessor.hpp>
 #include <hex/pattern_language/lexer.hpp>
@@ -61,7 +62,6 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         delete this->m_lexer;
         delete this->m_parser;
         delete this->m_validator;
-        delete this->m_evaluator;
     }
 
 
@@ -70,6 +70,10 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         this->m_evaluator->getConsole().clear();
         this->m_evaluator->setProvider(provider);
 
+        for (auto &node : this->m_currAST)
+            delete node;
+        this->m_currAST.clear();
+
         auto preprocessedCode = this->m_preprocessor->preprocess(string);
         if (!preprocessedCode.has_value()) {
             this->m_currError = this->m_preprocessor->getError();
@@ -77,7 +81,7 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         }
 
         this->m_evaluator->setDefaultEndian(this->m_defaultEndian);
-        this->m_evaluator->setRecursionLimit(this->m_recursionLimit);
+        // this->m_evaluator->setRecursionLimit(this->m_recursionLimit);
 
         auto tokens = this->m_lexer->lex(preprocessedCode.value());
         if (!tokens.has_value()) {
@@ -91,22 +95,15 @@ namespace hex::pl {
             return { };
         }
 
-        ON_SCOPE_EXIT {
-            for(auto &node : ast.value())
-                delete node;
-        };
+        this->m_currAST = ast.value();
 
-        auto validatorResult = this->m_validator->validate(ast.value());
-        if (!validatorResult) {
-            this->m_currError = this->m_validator->getError();
+        auto patterns = this->m_evaluator->evaluate(ast.value());
+        if (!patterns.has_value()) {
+            this->m_currError = this->m_evaluator->getConsole().getLastHardError();
             return { };
         }
 
-        auto patternData = this->m_evaluator->evaluate(ast.value());
-        if (!patternData.has_value())
-            return { };
-
-        return patternData.value();
+        return patterns;
     }
 
     std::optional<std::vector<PatternData*>> PatternLanguage::executeFile(prv::Provider *provider, const std::string &path) {

plugins/libimhex/source/pattern_language/preprocessor.cpp

@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ namespace hex::pl {
         output.reserve(code.length());
 
         try {
+            bool startOfLine = true;
             while (offset < code.length()) {
-                if (code[offset] == '#') {
+                if (code[offset] == '#' && startOfLine) {
                     offset += 1;
 
                     if (code.substr(offset, 7) == "include") {
@@ -164,8 +165,11 @@ namespace hex::pl {
                         throwPreprocessorError("unterminated comment", lineNumber - 1);
                 }
 
-                if (code[offset] == '\n')
+                if (code[offset] == '\n') {
                     lineNumber++;
+                    startOfLine = true;
+                } else if (!std::isspace(code[offset]))
+                    startOfLine = false;
 
                 output += code[offset];
                 offset += 1;

source/views/view_pattern_editor.cpp

@@ -23,21 +23,21 @@ namespace hex {
         static TextEditor::LanguageDefinition langDef;
         if (!initialized) {
             static const char* const keywords[] = {
-                "using", "struct", "union", "enum", "bitfield", "be", "le", "if", "else", "false", "true", "parent", "addressof", "sizeof", "$", "while", "fn", "return", "namespace"
+                "using", "struct", "union", "enum", "bitfield", "be", "le", "if", "else", "false", "true", "this", "parent", "addressof", "sizeof", "$", "while", "fn", "return", "namespace"
             };
             for (auto& k : keywords)
                 langDef.mKeywords.insert(k);
 
-            static std::pair<const char* const, size_t> builtInTypes[] = {
-                    { "u8", 1 }, { "u16", 2 }, { "u32", 4 }, { "u64", 8 }, { "u128", 16 },
-                    { "s8", 1 }, { "s16", 2 }, { "s32", 4 }, { "s64", 8 }, { "s128", 16 },
-                    { "float", 4 }, { "double", 8 }, { "char", 1 }, { "char16", 2 }, { "bool", 1 }, { "padding", 1 }
+            static const char* const builtInTypes[] = {
+                    "u8", "u16", "u32", "u64", "u128",
+                    "s8", "s16", "s32", "s64", "s128",
+                    "float", "double", "char", "char16",
+                    "bool", "padding", "str"
             };
 
-            for (const auto &[name, size] : builtInTypes) {
+            for (const auto name : builtInTypes) {
                 TextEditor::Identifier id;
-                id.mDeclaration = std::to_string(size);
-                id.mDeclaration += size == 1 ? " byte" : " bytes";
+                id.mDeclaration = "Built-in type";
                 langDef.mIdentifiers.insert(std::make_pair(std::string(name), id));
             }
 

tests/include/test_patterns/test_pattern_enums.hpp

@@ -9,10 +9,10 @@ namespace hex::test {
         TestPatternEnums() : TestPattern("Enums"){
             auto testEnum = create<PatternDataEnum>("TestEnum", "testEnum", 0x120, sizeof(u32));
             testEnum->setEnumValues({
-                { s32(0x0000), "A" },
-                { s32(0x1234), "B" },
-                { s32(0x1235), "C" },
-                { s32(0x1236), "D" },
+                { u128(0x0000), "A" },
+                { s128(0x1234), "B" },
+                { u128(0x1235), "C" },
+                { u128(0x1236), "D" },
             });
 
             addPattern(testEnum);

tests/include/test_patterns/test_pattern_literals.hpp

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ namespace hex::test {
                 std::assert(255 == 0xFF, MSG);
                 std::assert(0xAA == 0b10101010, MSG);
                 std::assert(12345 != 67890, MSG);
-                std::assert(100ULL == 0x64ULL, MSG);
+                std::assert(100U == 0x64U, MSG);
                 std::assert(-100 == -0x64, MSG);
                 std::assert(3.14159F > 1.414D, MSG);
                 std::assert('A' == 0x41, MSG);

tests/include/test_patterns/test_pattern_math.hpp

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ namespace hex::test {
                 std::assert(0xFF00FF | 0x00AA00 == 0xFFAAFF, "| operator error");
                 std::assert(0xFFFFFF & 0x00FF00 == 0x00FF00, "& operator error");
                 std::assert(0xFFFFFF ^ 0x00AA00 == 0xFF55FF, "^ operator error");
-                std::assert(~0xFFFFFFFF == 0x00, "~ operator error");
+                std::assert(~0x00 == 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF, "~ operator error");
                 std::assert(0xAA >> 4 == 0x0A, ">> operator error");
                 std::assert(0xAA << 4 == 0xAA0, "<< operator error");
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ namespace hex::test {
 
                 // Special operators
                 std::assert($ == 0, "$ operator error");
-                std::assert((10 == 20) ? 30 : 40 == 40, "?: operator error");
+                std::assert(((10 == 20) ? 30 : 40) == 40, "?: operator error");
 
                 // Type operators
                 struct TypeTest { u32 x, y, z; };

tests/include/test_patterns/test_pattern_padding.hpp

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ namespace hex::test {
             auto testStruct = create<PatternDataStruct>("TestStruct", "testStruct", 0x100, sizeof(s32) + 20 + sizeof(u8[0x10]));
 
             auto variable = create<PatternDataSigned>("s32", "variable", 0x100, sizeof(s32));
-            auto padding = create<PatternDataPadding>("", "", 0x100 + sizeof(s32), 20);
+            auto padding = create<PatternDataPadding>("padding", "", 0x100 + sizeof(s32), 20);
             auto array = create<PatternDataStaticArray>("u8", "array", 0x100 + sizeof(s32) + 20, sizeof(u8[0x10]));
             array->setEntries(create<PatternDataUnsigned>("u8", "", 0x100 + sizeof(s32) + 20, sizeof(u8)), 0x10);
 

tests/source/main.cpp

@@ -17,14 +17,14 @@ using namespace hex::test;
 
 void addFunctions() {
     hex::ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::Namespace nsStd = { "std" };
-    hex::ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "assert", 2, [](auto &ctx, auto params) {
-        auto condition = AS_TYPE(hex::pl::ASTNodeIntegerLiteral, params[0])->getValue();
-        auto message = AS_TYPE(hex::pl::ASTNodeStringLiteral, params[1])->getString();
+    hex::ContentRegistry::PatternLanguageFunctions::add(nsStd, "assert", 2, [](Evaluator *ctx, auto params) -> Token::Literal {
+        auto condition = Token::literalToBoolean(params[0]);
+        auto message = Token::literalToString(params[1], false);
 
-        if (LITERAL_COMPARE(condition, condition == 0))
-            ctx.getConsole().abortEvaluation(hex::format("assertion failed \"{0}\"", message.data()));
+        if (!condition)
+            LogConsole::abortEvaluation(hex::format("assertion failed \"{0}\"", message));
 
-        return nullptr;
+        return { };
     });
 }
 
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ int test(int argc, char **argv) {
         hex::log::fatal("Error during compilation!");
 
         if (auto error = language.getError(); error.has_value())
-            hex::log::info("Compile error: {}:{}", error->first, error->second);
+            hex::log::info("Compile error: {} : {}", error->first, error->second);
         else
             for (auto &[level, message] : language.getConsoleLog())
                 hex::log::info("Evaluate error: {}", message);
@@ -93,10 +93,10 @@ int test(int argc, char **argv) {
 
     // Check if the produced patterns are the ones expected
     for (u32 i = 0; i < currTest->getPatterns().size(); i++) {
-        auto &left = *patterns->at(i);
-        auto &right = *currTest->getPatterns().at(i);
+        auto &evaluatedPattern = *patterns->at(i);
+        auto &controlPattern = *currTest->getPatterns().at(i);
 
-        if (left != right) {
+        if (evaluatedPattern != controlPattern) {
             hex::log::fatal("Pattern with name {}:{} didn't match template", patterns->at(i)->getTypeName(), patterns->at(i)->getVariableName());
             return EXIT_FAILURE;
         }