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Add initial draft of architecture document.
Still has a bunch of TODOs where more information is required. This commit adds the first few sections and some information about iidxhook.
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Please refer to the [dedicated documentation](CONTRIBUTING.md).
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# Development
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## Architecture
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A dedicate [architecture document](doc/architecture.md) outlines the architecture of Bemanitools and points out the most
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important aspects you should know before you get started with development.
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## API
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Please refer to the [API documentation](doc/api.md).
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doc/architecture.md
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# Bemanitools architecture
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This document gives you an overview of the architecture of Bemanitools (5). Why do we need this? This helps document the
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various design decisions and how everything comes together, in the end. At some point when things are evolving and other
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developers want to pick up the project, this might give them answers to why some things were done well or not so well.
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This allows them to iterate on the current design (document) to analyze if a change they want to apply might work out
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or not.
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Anway, enough preface...I guess you got the idea. This document will be split into several sections which address
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different aspects of the architecture.
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## The big picture
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TODO create a graphic that presents the key modules and ideas.
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## Detouring library functions, IAT hooking
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One of Bemanitools's goals is to avoid patching of executables, libraries or any game data and instead rely on
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intercepting calls to libraries to patch bugs or introduce new features. To support a game on a non native platform
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transparently, e.g. your home desktop, this allows us to intercept I/O communication to emulate hardware or
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files/filesystem features the game expects to be available.
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We create a so called "hook library/hook.dll" which gets injected to the target process (the game) before the game
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runs any of its application code. This is well known by the terms of dll injection and will not be further discussed
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here (google it). The injected dll will replace the function addresses in the IATs to detour any calls to our own
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handler functions before, eventually, calling the real function. This way, we can intercept the call and do cool things.
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These features are covered by the modules in the following subfolders in src/main:
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* hook: Essentially, this is capnhook: https://github.com/decafcode/capnhook. General tools for hooking Win32 API calls.
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* hooklib: Some additional helper modules to take care of specific issues in Bemanitools, e.g. rs232 related stuff for
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ACIO.
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Check the modules for details.
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## Hooking and IRP
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IRP stands for "I/O request packet" and is a kernel mode structure used in Windows drivers for communication with the
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OS. The data structure describes an I/O request with parameters for that request avoiding function calls with large
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number of arguments to a driver.
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We make use of that "IRP pattern" by creating a flexible and maintainable abstraction layer for the following hooking
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modules:
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* iohook: Hook I/O (e.g. file) related calls
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* d3d9: Hook d3d9 graphics API calls
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An IRP handler is implemented to handle selected IRP calls based on the specified operation type. IRP handlers can be
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chained which allows splitting up different features/interceptors to different functions and modules allowing you to
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create a clear structure. At the end of the forwarding chain, you the real API function that maps to the abstracted
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operation is called. However, a handler can decide at any time to not forward calls which allows you to implement
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emulation of access to selected files or I/O devices.
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Modules that make use of this:
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* iidxhook-util/d3d9
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* ezusb-emu/device
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* ezusb2-emu/device
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* acioemu/emu
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## Bemanitools's hook libraries, let's glue everything together
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Bemanitools dlls to be injected into target game processes are refered to as "hook dlls" and come in different flavours
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targetting different games and often different versions of the same game (series), for example:
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* ddrhook: Hook dll for Dance Dance Revolution games
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* iidxhook1-8: Hook dlls for Beatmania IIDX, we are currently at 8 different implementations due to the various
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iterations the game went through, related to software and hardware.
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* sdvxhook: Hook dll for SoundVoltex series
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The following sub-sections will give you some brief insights on each hook implementation and what modules were used.
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### bsthook
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TODO
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### ddrhook
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TODO
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### iidxhook
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IIDX went through so many hard- and software iterations, it's actually amazing that the development team(s) refactored
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and improved parts of the game and hardware with each iteration. However, when facing emulation and supporting
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compatibility to legacy OS platforms, it can't get any worse. On the bright side, IIDX helped shaping Bemanitools a lot
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and created a solid foundation other games can build on.
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Because of that, we have 8 iidxhook implementations supporting sometimes different software features/fixes and
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hardware. The following sub-sub-sections list the most relevant aspects and modules to point out common and different
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higher level features.
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#### iidxhook1 (9-12)
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* Ezusb C02 I/O emulation
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* Setupapi emulation
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* Full security emulation with SRAM and round plugs
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* Full serial emulation for magstripe card readers
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* Full game essential I/O emulation
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* d3d8 patching and extended features (superseded by d3d9 hook module + d3d8to9 wrapper)
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* clock patching
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* Font patching for Japanese chars
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* Network related patches to enable eamuse to custom servers
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* Filesystem patches to detour E and F backup drives for settings
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#### iidxhook2 (13)
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* Ezusb C02 I/O emulation
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* Setupapi emulation
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* Full security emulation with SRAM and round plugs
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* Full game essential I/O emulation
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* ACIO ICCA card reader emulation, slotted readers
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* d3d8 patching and extended features (superseded by d3d9 hook module + d3d8to9 wrapper)
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* clock patching
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* Font patching for Japanese chars
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* Network related patches to enable eamuse to custom servers
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* Filesystem patches to detour E and F backup drives for settings
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#### iidxhook3 (14-17)
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* Ezusb IO2 I/O emulation
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* Setupapi emulation
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* Full security emulation with SRAM and round plugs
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* Full game essential I/O emulation
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* ACIO ICCA card reader emulation, slotted readers
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* d3d9 patching and extended features
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* Font patching for Japanese chars
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* Network related patches to enable eamuse to custom servers
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* Filesystem patches to detour E and F backup drives for settings
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#### iidxhook4 (18)
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* Ezusb IO2 I/O emulation
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* Setupapi emulation
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* Full game essential I/O emulation
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* ACIO ICCA card reader emulation, slotted readers
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* d3d9 patching and extended features
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* Font patching for Japanese chars
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* Filesystem patches to detour E and F backup drives for settings
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#### iidxhook5 (19)
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* Ezusb IO2 I/O emulation
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* Setupapi emulation
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* Full game essential I/O emulation
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* ACIO ICCA card reader emulation, wave pass readers
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* d3d9 patching and extended features
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* Font patching for Japanese chars
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* Filesystem patches to detour E and F backup drives for settings
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#### iidxhook6 (20)
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* Ezusb IO2 I/O emulation
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* Setupapi emulation
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* Full game essential I/O emulation
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* ACIO ICCA card reader emulation, wave pass readers
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* d3d9 patching and extended features
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* Font patching for Japanese chars
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#### iidxhook7 (21-24)
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* Ezusb IO2 I/O emulation
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* Setupapi emulation
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* Full game essential I/O emulation
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* ACIO ICCA card reader emulation, wave pass readers
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* d3d9 patching and extended features
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* Font patching for Japanese chars
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#### iidxhook8 (25-26)
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* ACIO BIO2 I/O emulation
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* Setupapi emulation
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* Full game essential I/O emulation
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* ACIO ICCA card reader emulation, wave pass readers
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* d3d9 patching and extended features
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* Font patching for Japanese chars
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### jbhook
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TODO
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### sdvxhook
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TODO
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## The ezusb (emulation) stack
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TODO
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## The ACIO (emulation) stack
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TODO
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## BT5 API
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TODO
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## AVS and launcher
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TODO
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## Inject
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TODO
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