Repacking and better compression tools

README.md

@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
 # ifstools
 Extractor for Konmai IFS files.
 
+Requires [kbinxml](https://github.com/mon/kbinxml/).
+
 Features:
 - Converts all textures to png without requiring a second program
+- Repacks without ingame display issues
 - Works on eacloud music ifs files
 - Correctly names AFP files
 - Converts version.xml, afplist.xml, texturelist.xml to plaintext, to facilitate further experimentation.
+- Dumps the ifs manifest so you can explore the format
 
 Todo:
-- Repacking
+- DXT5 repacking support (current workaround: edit texturelist to use argb8888rev)
-
+- Cache compressed textures (compression is very slow)
-Requires [kbinxml](https://github.com/mon/kbinxml/).
+- Recursive repacking for ifs inside ifs
 
 I hope the rest is self explanatory. Confused? Create a new issue and tell me what docs to add.

handlers/GenericFile.py

@@ -1,21 +1,77 @@
+from os.path import getmtime
+
 from kbinxml import KBinXML
+import lxml.etree as etree
+
+from . import escapes
 
 class GenericFile(object):
-    def __init__(self, ifs, elem, name):
+    def __init__(self, ifs, path, name, time, start = -1, size = -1):
         self.ifs = ifs
+        self.path = path
         self.name = name
-        self.elem = elem
+        self._packed_name = name
-        self.start, self.size, self.time = self._split_ints(elem.text)
+        self.time = time
+        self.start = start
+        self.size = size
 
-    def _split_ints(self, text, delim = ' '):
+    @classmethod
+    def from_xml(cls, ifs, elem, name):
+        start, size, time = cls._split_ints(elem.text)
+        self = cls(ifs, None, name, time, start, size)
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_filesystem(cls, ifs, path, name):
+        time = int(getmtime(path))
+        start = size = -1
+        self = cls(ifs, path, name, time, start, size)
+        return self
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _split_ints(text, delim = ' '):
         return list(map(int, text.split(delim)))
 
     def tostring(self, indent = 0):
         return '{}{}\n'.format('  ' * indent, self.name)
 
-    def load(self, raw = False):
+    def load(self, convert_kbin = True):
+        if self.path:
+            return self._load_from_filesystem(convert_kbin)
+        else:
+            return self._load_from_ifs(convert_kbin)
+
+    def _load_from_ifs(self, convert_kbin = True):
         data = self.ifs.load_file(self.start, self.size)
-        if not raw:
+        if convert_kbin and self.name.endswith('.xml') and KBinXML.is_binary_xml(data):
-            if self.name.endswith('.xml') and KBinXML.is_binary_xml(data):
+            data = KBinXML(data).to_text().encode('utf8')
-                data = KBinXML(data).to_text().encode('utf8')
         return data
+
+    def _load_from_filesystem(self, convert_kbin = True):
+        with open(self.path, 'rb') as f:
+            ret = f.read()
+        self.size = len(ret)
+        return ret
+
+    def repack(self, manifest, data_blob, progress):
+        if progress:
+            print(self.name)
+        elem = etree.SubElement(manifest, self.packed_name)
+        elem.attrib['__type'] = '3s32'
+        data = self.load(convert_kbin = False)
+        if self.name.endswith('.xml') and not KBinXML.is_binary_xml(data):
+            data = KBinXML(data).to_binary()
+        # offset, size, timestamp
+        elem.text = '{} {} {}'.format(len(data_blob.getvalue()), len(data), self.time)
+        data_blob.write(data)
+
+    @property
+    def packed_name(self):
+        return self.sanitize_name(self._packed_name)
+
+    def sanitize_name(self, n):
+        for e in escapes[::-1]:
+            n = n.replace(e[1], e[0])
+        if n[0].isdigit():
+            n = '_' + n
+        return n

handlers/GenericFolder.py

@@ -1,34 +1,68 @@
 from itertools import chain
+from os.path import getmtime, basename, join
 
 import lxml.etree as etree
 
-from . import get_folder_handlers
+from . import get_folder_handlers, escapes
 from .GenericFile import GenericFile
 
-escapes = [
-    ('_E', '.'),
-    ('__', '_'),
-]
-
 class GenericFolder():
-    def __init__(self, ifs, element, name = ''):
-        self.ifs = ifs
-        self.info_elem = None
-        self.name = name
-        self.elem = element
-        self.time = element.text
 
-        self.files = {}
+    def __init__(self, ifs, name, time, files, folders):
-        self.folders = {}
+        self.ifs = ifs
+        self.name = name
+        # xml sanitisation performed by the public property
+        self._packed_name = name
+        self.time = time
+        self.files = files
+        self.folders = folders
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_xml(cls, ifs, element, name = ''):
+        time = int(element.text) if element.text else None
+
+        files = {}
+        folders = {}
         for child in element.iterchildren(tag=etree.Element):
-            name = self.fix_name(child.tag)
+            filename = cls.fix_name(child.tag)
-            if name == '_info_': # metadata
+            if filename == '_info_': # metadata
-                self.info_elem = child
+                info_elem = child
             elif list(child): # folder
-                handler  = get_folder_handlers().get(name, GenericFolder)
+                handler  = get_folder_handlers().get(filename, GenericFolder)
-                self.folders[name] = handler(self.ifs, child, name)
+                folders[filename] = handler.from_xml(ifs, child, filename)
             else: # file
-                self.files[name] = GenericFile(self.ifs, child, name)
+                files[filename] = GenericFile.from_xml(ifs, child, filename)
+
+        return cls(ifs, name, time, files, folders)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_filesystem(cls, ifs, tree, name = ''):
+        time = int(getmtime(tree['path']))
+
+        files = {}
+        folders = {}
+
+        for folder in tree['folders']:
+            base = basename(folder['path'])
+            handler  = get_folder_handlers().get(base, GenericFolder)
+            folders[base] = handler.from_filesystem(ifs, folder, base)
+
+        for filename in tree['files']:
+            path = join(tree['path'], filename)
+            files[filename] = GenericFile.from_filesystem(ifs, path, filename)
+
+        return cls(ifs, name, time, files, folders)
+
+    def repack(self, manifest, data_blob, progress):
+        if self.name:
+            manifest = etree.SubElement(manifest, self.packed_name)
+            manifest.attrib['__type'] = 's32'
+            manifest.text = str(self.time)
+            if progress:
+                print(self.name)
+
+        for name, entry in chain(self.folders.items(), self.files.items()):
+            entry.repack(manifest, data_blob, progress)
 
     def tostring(self, indent = 0):
         ret = ''
@@ -39,7 +73,19 @@ class GenericFolder():
             ret += entry.tostring(indent)
         return ret
 
-    def fix_name(self, n):
+    @property
+    def packed_name(self):
+        return self.sanitize_name(self._packed_name)
+
+    def sanitize_name(self, n):
+        for e in escapes[::-1]:
+            n = n.replace(e[1], e[0])
+        if n[0].isdigit():
+            n = '_' + n
+        return n
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def fix_name(n):
         for e in escapes:
             n = n.replace(*e)
         if n[0] == '_' and n[1].isdigit():

handlers/ImageFile.py

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from io import BytesIO
 from struct import unpack, pack
 
 from PIL import Image
+import lxml.etree as etree
 from kbinxml import KBinXML
 
 from . import GenericFile
@@ -20,8 +21,10 @@ dxt5_end = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00' + \
 
 class ImageFile(GenericFile):
     def __init__(self, gen_file, image_elem, fmt, compress):
-        super().__init__(gen_file.ifs, gen_file.elem, gen_file.name + '.png')
+        super().__init__(gen_file.ifs, gen_file.path,
-
+                         gen_file.name + '.png', gen_file.time,
+                         gen_file.start, gen_file.size)
+        self._packed_name = gen_file._packed_name
         self.image_elem = image_elem
         self.format = fmt
         self.compress = compress
@@ -33,8 +36,15 @@ class ImageFile(GenericFile):
             (self.imgrect[3]-self.imgrect[2])//2
         )
 
-    def load(self):
+    @classmethod
-        data = super().load()
+    def from_xml(cls, ifs, elem, name):
+        raise Exception('ImageFile must be instantiated from existing element')
+    @classmethod
+    def from_filesystem(cls, ifs, tree, name):
+        raise Exception('ImageFile must be instantiated from existing element')
+
+    def _load_from_ifs(self, convert_kbin = False):
+        data = super()._load_from_ifs()
 
         if self.compress == 'avslz':
             uncompressed_size = unpack('>I', data[:4])[0]
@@ -72,3 +82,29 @@ class ImageFile(GenericFile):
         b = BytesIO()
         im.save(b, format = 'PNG')
         return b.getvalue()
+
+    def repack(self, manifest, data_blob, progress):
+        if progress:
+            print(self.name)
+
+        data = self.load()
+
+        im = Image.open(BytesIO(data))
+        if self.format == 'argb8888rev':
+            data = im.tobytes('raw', 'BGRA')
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError('Unknown format {}'.format(self.format))
+
+        if self.compress == 'avslz':
+            o = data
+            uncompressed_size = len(data)
+            data = lz77.compress(data)
+            compressed_size = len(data)
+            data = pack('>I', uncompressed_size) + pack('>I', compressed_size) + data
+
+        # offset, size, timestamp
+        elem = etree.SubElement(manifest, self.packed_name)
+        elem.attrib['__type'] = '3s32'
+        elem.text = '{} {} {}'.format(len(data_blob.getvalue()), len(data), self.time)
+        data_blob.write(data)
+

handlers/MD5Folder.py

@@ -5,32 +5,53 @@ from kbinxml import KBinXML
 from . import GenericFolder
 
 class MD5Folder(GenericFolder):
-    def __init__(self, ifs, element, name, md5_tag = None):
+
-        super().__init__(ifs, element, name)
+    def __init__(self, ifs, name, time, files, folders):
+        super().__init__(ifs, name, time, files, folders)
 
         for filename, file in self.files.items():
             if filename.endswith('.xml'):
                 self.info_kbin = file
                 break
         if not self.info_kbin:
-            raise KeyError('MD5 folder expected but no mapping xml')
+            raise KeyError('MD5 folder contents have no mapping xml')
 
-        self.info_kbin = KBinXML(self.info_kbin.load(True))
+        self.info_kbin = KBinXML(self.info_kbin.load(convert_kbin = False))
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_xml(cls, ifs, element, name = '', md5_tag = None, extension = None):
+        self = super().from_xml(ifs, element, name)
+        self._apply_md5(md5_tag, extension)
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_filesystem(cls, ifs, tree, name = '', md5_tag = None, extension = None):
+        self = super().from_filesystem(ifs, tree, name)
+        self._apply_md5(md5_tag, extension)
+        return self
+
+    def _apply_md5(self, md5_tag, extension):
         if not md5_tag:
-            md5_tag = name
+            md5_tag = self.name
-        # findall needs xpath or it'll only search children
+        # findall needs xpath or it'll only search direct children
         for tag in self.info_kbin.xml_doc.findall('.//' + md5_tag):
             filename = tag.attrib['name']
             hash = md5(filename.encode(self.info_kbin.encoding)).hexdigest()
             # handles subfolders like afp/bsi/
-            self.rename_recurse(self, hash, filename)
+            self.rename_recurse(self, hash, filename, extension)
 
-    def rename_recurse(self, entry, original, replacement):
+    def rename_recurse(self, entry, original, replacement, extension):
+        # handles renamed files (eg tex->png)
+        if extension and (replacement + extension in entry.files):
+            entry.files[replacement] = entry.files.pop(replacement + extension)
+            entry.files[replacement].name = replacement
+        # handles deobfuscated filesystems
+        if replacement in entry.files:
+            entry.files[replacement]._packed_name = original
         if original in entry.files:
             orig = entry.files.pop(original)
             orig.name = replacement
             entry.files[replacement] = orig
 
         for name, folder in entry.folders.items():
-            self.rename_recurse(folder, original, replacement)
+            self.rename_recurse(folder, original, replacement, extension)

handlers/TexFolder.py

@@ -1,11 +1,23 @@
 from . import MD5Folder, GenericFile, ImageFile
 
 class TexFolder(MD5Folder):
-    def __init__(self, ifs, element, name):
+    def __init__(self, ifs, name, time, files, folders):
-        super().__init__(ifs, element, name, 'image')
+        super().__init__(ifs, name, time, files, folders)
-
         self.compress = self.info_kbin.xml_doc.attrib.get('compress')
 
+    @classmethod
+    def from_xml(cls, ifs, element, name = ''):
+        self = super().from_xml(ifs, element, name, 'image', '.png')
+        self._create_images()
+        return self
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_filesystem(cls, ifs, tree, name = ''):
+        self = super().from_filesystem(ifs, tree, name, 'image', '.png')
+        self._create_images()
+        return self
+
+    def _create_images(self):
         for tex in self.info_kbin.xml_doc.iterchildren():
             folder = tex.attrib['name']
             fmt = tex.attrib['format']

handlers/__init__.py

@@ -5,6 +5,11 @@ def get_folder_handlers():
         'tex' : TexFolder
     }
 
+escapes = [
+    ('_E', '.'),
+    ('__', '_'),
+]
+
 from .GenericFile import GenericFile
 from .ImageFile import ImageFile
 

handlers/lz77.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # consistency with py 2/3
 from builtins import bytes
+from struct import unpack, pack
+from io import BytesIO
 
 WINDOW_SIZE = 0x1000
 WINDOW_MASK = WINDOW_SIZE - 1
@@ -7,113 +9,103 @@ THRESHOLD = 3
 INPLACE_THRESHOLD = 0xA
 LOOK_RANGE = 0x200
 MAX_LEN = 0xF + THRESHOLD
-MAX_BUFFER = 0x10 + 1
 
 def decompress(input):
-    input = bytes(input)
+    input = BytesIO(input)
     decompressed = bytearray()
-    cur_byte = 0
-    input_length = len(input)
-    window = [0] * WINDOW_SIZE
-    window_cursor = 0
 
-    while cur_byte < input_length:
+    while True:
-        flag = input[cur_byte]
+        flag = input.read(1)[0]
-        cur_byte += 1
         for i in range(8):
             if (flag >> i) & 1 == 1:
-                decompressed.append(input[cur_byte])
+                decompressed.append(input.read(1)[0])
-                window[window_cursor] = input[cur_byte]
-                window_cursor = (window_cursor + 1) & WINDOW_MASK
-                cur_byte += 1
             else:
-                w = input[cur_byte] << 8 | input[cur_byte + 1]
+                w = unpack('>H', input.read(2))[0]
-                cur_byte += 2
+                position = (w >> 4)
-                if (w >> 4) == 0:
+                length = (w & 0x0F) + THRESHOLD
+                if position == 0:
                     return bytes(decompressed)
 
-                position = ((window_cursor - (w >> 4)) & WINDOW_MASK)
+                if position > len(decompressed):
-                length = (w & 0x0F) + THRESHOLD
+                    diff = position - len(decompressed)
+                    diff = min(diff, length)
+                    decompressed.extend([0]*diff)
+                    length -= diff
+                # optimise
+                if -position+length < 0:
+                    decompressed.extend(decompressed[-position:-position+length])
+                else:
+                    for loop in range(length):
+                        decompressed.append(decompressed[-position])
 
-                for loop in range(length):
+def match_window(in_data, offset):
-                    b = window[position & WINDOW_MASK]
+    '''Find the longest match for the string starting at offset in the preceeding data
-                    decompressed.append(b)
+    '''
-                    window[window_cursor] = b
+    window_start = max(offset - WINDOW_MASK, 0)
-                    window_cursor = (window_cursor + 1) & WINDOW_MASK
-                    position = position + 1
-    return bytes(decompressed)
 
+    for n in range(MAX_LEN, THRESHOLD-1, -1):
+        window_end = min(offset + n, len(in_data))
+        # we've not got enough data left for a meaningful result
+        if window_end - offset < THRESHOLD:
+            return None
+        str_to_find = in_data[offset:window_end]
+        idx = in_data.rfind(str_to_find, window_start, window_end-n)
+        if idx != -1:
+            code_offset = offset - idx # - 1
+            code_len = len(str_to_find)
+            return (code_offset, code_len)
 
-def match_current(window, pos, max_len, data, dpos):
+    return None
-    length = 0
-    data_len = len(data)
-    while dpos + length < data_len and length < max_len and \
-          window[(pos + length) & WINDOW_MASK] == data[dpos + length] and length < MAX_LEN:
-        length += 1
-    return length
-
-def match_window(window, pos, data, dpos):
-    max_pos = 0;
-    max_len = 0;
-    for i in range(THRESHOLD, LOOK_RANGE):
-        length = match_current(window, (pos - i) & WINDOW_MASK, i, data, dpos)
-        if length >= INPLACE_THRESHOLD:
-            return (i, length)
-        if length >= THRESHOLD:
-            max_pos = i
-            max_len = length
-    if max_len >= THRESHOLD:
-        return (max_pos, max_len)
-    else:
-        return None
 
 def compress(input):
     compressed = bytearray()
-    input = bytes(input)
+    input = bytes([0]*WINDOW_SIZE) + bytes(input)
     input_size = len(input)
-    window = [0] * WINDOW_SIZE
+    current_pos = WINDOW_SIZE
-    current_pos = 0
-    current_window = 0
     bit = 0
-    buf = [0] * 0x11
     while current_pos < input_size:
         flag_byte = 0;
-        current_buffer = 0;
+        buf = bytearray()
         for _ in range(8):
             if current_pos >= input_size:
-                buf[current_buffer] = 0;
-                window[current_window] = 0;
-                current_buffer += 1;
-                current_pos += 1;
-                current_window += 1;
                 bit = 0;
             else:
-                match = match_window(window, current_window, input, current_pos)
+                match = match_window(input, current_pos)
                 if match:
                     pos, length = match
-                    byte1 = (pos >> 4)
+                    info = (pos << 4) | ((length - THRESHOLD) & 0x0F)
-                    byte2 = (((pos & 0x0F) << 4) | ((length - THRESHOLD) & 0x0F))
+                    buf.extend(pack('>H', info))
-                    buf[current_buffer] = byte1
-                    buf[current_buffer + 1] = byte2
-                    current_buffer += 2
                     bit = 0
-                    for _ in range(length):
+                    current_pos += length
-                        window[current_window & WINDOW_MASK] = input[current_pos]
-                        current_pos += 1
-                        current_window += 1
                 else:
-                    buf[current_buffer] = input[current_pos]
+                    buf.append(input[current_pos])
-                    window[current_window] = input[current_pos]
                     current_pos += 1
-                    current_window += 1
-                    current_buffer += 1
                     bit = 1
             flag_byte = (flag_byte >> 1) | ((bit & 1) << 7)
-            current_window = current_window & WINDOW_MASK
         compressed.append(flag_byte)
-        for i in range(current_buffer):
+        compressed.extend(buf)
-            compressed.append(buf[i])
     compressed.append(0)
     compressed.append(0)
     compressed.append(0)
+
+    return bytes(compressed)
+
+def compress_dummy(input):
+    input_length = len(input)
+    compressed = bytearray()
+
+    extra_bytes = input_length % 8
+
+    for i in range(0, input_length-extra_bytes, 8):
+        compressed.append(0xFF)
+        compressed.extend(input[i:i+8])
+
+    if extra_bytes > 0:
+        compressed.append(0xFF >> (8 - extra_bytes))
+        compressed.extend(input[-extra_bytes:])
+
+    compressed.append(0)
+    compressed.append(0)
+    compressed.append(0)
+
     return bytes(compressed)

ifstools.py

@@ -1,39 +1,90 @@
-from os.path import basename, dirname, splitext, join
+from os.path import basename, dirname, splitext, join, isdir, isfile, getmtime
-from os import mkdir, utime
+from os import mkdir, utime, walk
+from io import BytesIO
 import hashlib
 import lxml.etree as etree
-from struct import unpack
+from time import time as unixtime
 
 from kbinxml.kbinxml import KBinXML
 from kbinxml.bytebuffer import ByteBuffer
 
 from handlers import GenericFolder
 
+SIGNATURE = 0x6CAD8F89
 KBIN_OFFSET = 36
 
+FILE_VERSION = 3
+
 class IFS:
     def __init__(self, path):
+        if isfile(path):
+            self._load_ifs(path)
+            self.is_file = True
+        elif isdir(path):
+            self._load_dir(path)
+            self.is_file = False
+        else:
+            raise IOError('Input path does not exist')
+
+    def _load_ifs(self, path):
         out = splitext(basename(path))[0] + '_ifs'
         self.default_out = join(dirname(path), out)
+        self.ifs_out = path
 
         with open(path, 'rb') as f:
             self.file = f.read()
             b = ByteBuffer(self.file)
 
-        self.signature = b.get_u32()
+        signature = b.get_u32()
-        self.ifs_size = b.get_u32()
+        if signature != SIGNATURE:
-        self.unk1 = b.get_u32()
+            raise IOError('Given file was not an IFS file!')
-        self.unk2 = b.get_u32()
+        self.file_version = b.get_u16()
+        # next u16 is just NOT(version)
+        assert b.get_u16() ^ self.file_version == 0xFFFF
+        self.time = b.get_u32()
+        self.tree_size = b.get_u32()
         self.header_end = b.get_u32()
-        # 16 bytes more, unsure
+        # 16 bytes for manifest md5, unchecked
 
         self.manifest = KBinXML(self.file[KBIN_OFFSET:])
-        #with open('debug_manifest.xml', 'wb') as f:
-        #    f.write(self.manifest.to_text().encode('utf8'))
         self._parse_manifest()
 
+        assert self.tree_size == self._tree_size()
+
+    def _load_dir(self, path):
+        self.default_out = path
+        self.ifs_out = basename(path).replace('_ifs', '.ifs')
+
+        self.file_version = FILE_VERSION
+        self.time = int(getmtime(path))
+        self.tree_size = -1
+        self.header_end = -1
+        self.manifest = None
+
+        os_tree = self._create_dir_tree(path)
+        self.tree = GenericFolder.from_filesystem(self, os_tree)
+
+    def _create_dir_tree(self, path):
+        tree = self._create_dir_tree_recurse(walk(path))
+        if 'ifs_manifest.xml' in tree['files']:
+            tree['files'].remove('ifs_manifest.xml')
+
+        return tree
+
+    def _create_dir_tree_recurse(self, walker):
+        tree = {}
+
+        root, dirs, files = next(walker)
+        tree['path'] = root
+        tree['files'] = files
+        tree['folders'] = []
+        for dir in dirs:
+            tree['folders'].append(self._create_dir_tree_recurse(walker))
+
+        return tree
+
     def _parse_manifest(self):
-        self.tree = GenericFolder(self, self.manifest.xml_doc)
+        self.tree = GenericFolder.from_xml(self, self.manifest.xml_doc)
 
     def tostring(self):
         return self.tree.tostring()
@@ -41,10 +92,67 @@ class IFS:
     def extract_all(self, progress = True, recurse = True, path = None):
         self.out = path if path else self.default_out
         self._mkdir(self.out)
-        with open(join(self.out, 'ifs_manifest.xml'), 'wb') as f:
+        if self.manifest:
-            f.write(self.manifest.to_text().encode('utf8'))
+            with open(join(self.out, 'ifs_manifest.xml'), 'wb') as f:
+                f.write(self.manifest.to_text().encode('utf8'))
         self._extract_tree(self.tree, progress, recurse)
 
+    def repack(self, progress = True, path = None):
+        if path is None:
+            path = self.ifs_out
+        data_blob = BytesIO()
+
+        self.manifest = KBinXML(etree.Element('imgfs'))
+        manifest_info = etree.SubElement(self.manifest.xml_doc, '_info_')
+
+        # the important bit
+        self.tree.repack(self.manifest.xml_doc, data_blob, progress)
+        data = data_blob.getvalue()
+
+        data_md5 = etree.SubElement(manifest_info, 'md5')
+        data_md5.attrib['__type'] = 'bin'
+        data_md5.attrib['__size'] = '16'
+        data_md5.text = hashlib.md5(data).hexdigest()
+
+        data_size = etree.SubElement(manifest_info, 'size')
+        data_size.attrib['__type'] = 'u32'
+        data_size.text = str(len(data))
+
+        manifest_bin = self.manifest.to_binary()
+        self.header_end = 36 + len(manifest_bin)
+        self.ifs_size = self.header_end + len(data)
+        self.tree_size = self._tree_size()
+        manifest_hash = hashlib.md5(manifest_bin).digest()
+
+        head = ByteBuffer()
+        head.append_u32(SIGNATURE)
+        head.append_u16(self.file_version)
+        head.append_u16(self.file_version ^ 0xFFFF)
+        head.append_u32(int(unixtime()))
+        head.append_u32(self.tree_size)
+        head.append_u32(self.header_end)
+        with open(path, 'wb') as ifs_file:
+            ifs_file.write(head.data)
+            ifs_file.write(manifest_hash)
+            ifs_file.write(manifest_bin)
+            ifs_file.write(data)
+
+    # suspected to be the in-memory representation
+    def _tree_size(self):
+        BASE_SIZE = 856
+        return BASE_SIZE + self._tree_size_recurse(self.tree)
+
+    def _tree_size_recurse(self, tree, depth = 0):
+        FILE = 64
+        FOLDER = 56
+        DEPTH_MULTIPLIER = 16
+
+        size = len(tree.files) * FILE
+        size += len(tree.folders) * (FOLDER - depth*DEPTH_MULTIPLIER)
+        for name, folder in tree.folders.items():
+            size += self._tree_size_recurse(folder, depth+1)
+        return size
+
     def _extract_tree(self, tree, progress = True, recurse = True, dir = ''):
         outdir = join(self.out, dir)
         if progress:
@@ -64,6 +172,10 @@ class IFS:
         for name, f in tree.folders.items():
             self._extract_tree(f, progress, recurse, join(dir, f.name))
 
+        # fallback to file timestamp
+        timestamp = tree.time if tree.time else self.time
+        utime(outdir, (timestamp, timestamp))
+
 
     def _mkdir(self, dir):
         try:
@@ -72,7 +184,11 @@ class IFS:
             pass
 
     def load_file(self, start, size):
-        return self.file[self.header_end+start:self.header_end+start+size]
+        start = self.header_end+start
+        end = start + size
+        assert start <= len(self.file) and end <= len(self.file)
+
+        return self.file[start:end]
 
     def _save_with_time(self, filename, data, time):
         with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
@@ -82,7 +198,10 @@ class IFS:
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     import sys
     if len(sys.argv) < 2:
-        print('ifstools filename.ifs')
+        print('ifstools filename.ifs OR folder_ifs')
         exit()
     i = IFS(sys.argv[1])
-    i.extract_all()
+    if i.is_file:
+        i.extract_all()
+    else:
+        i.repack()