mirror of
https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material.git
synced 2024-12-26 06:14:52 +01:00
d68db58553
Instead of installing GTK+ and installing from source, suggested installing MSYS2 and obtaining Cairo built for UCRT64 via its Pacman.
273 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
273 lines
10 KiB
Markdown
---
|
|
icon: material/image-sync-outline
|
|
---
|
|
|
|
# Image processing
|
|
|
|
Some of the [built-in plugins] depend on external libraries for efficient image
|
|
processing, most notably the [social] plugin to generate [social cards], and the
|
|
[optimize] plugin for applying [image optimization]. This guide explains how to
|
|
install those libraries in different environments.
|
|
|
|
[built-in plugins]: ../index.md
|
|
[social]: ../social.md
|
|
[social cards]: ../../setup/setting-up-social-cards.md
|
|
[optimize]: ../optimize.md
|
|
[image optimization]: ../../setup/building-an-optimized-site.md
|
|
|
|
## Dependencies
|
|
|
|
The libraries for image processing are entirely optional, and only need to be
|
|
installed if you want to use the [social] plugin or the [optimize] plugin. The
|
|
libraries are listed under the `imaging` extra:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
pip install "mkdocs-material[imaging]"
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This will install compatible versions of the following packages:
|
|
|
|
- [Pillow]
|
|
- [CairoSVG]
|
|
|
|
[Pillow]: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/
|
|
[CairoSVG]: https://cairosvg.org/
|
|
|
|
### Cairo Graphics
|
|
|
|
[Cairo Graphics] is a graphics library and dependency of [Pillow], which
|
|
Material for MkDocs makes use of for generating [social cards] and performing
|
|
[image optimization]. See the following section which explains how to install
|
|
[Cairo Graphics] and its dependencies on your system:
|
|
|
|
=== ":material-apple: macOS"
|
|
|
|
Make sure [Homebrew] is installed, which is a modern package manager for
|
|
macOS. Next, use the following command to install all necessary
|
|
dependencies:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
brew install cairo freetype libffi libjpeg libpng zlib
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== ":fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows"
|
|
|
|
The easiest way to get up and running with the [Cairo Graphics] library is
|
|
by installing it via [MSYS2], which is a software distribution and building
|
|
platform for Windows. Run the following command inside of a MSYS2 shell:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-cairo
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
MSYS2 provides the Cairo Graphics library in several different environments.
|
|
The above command uses the [UCRT64] environment, as recommended by the MSYS2
|
|
developers.
|
|
|
|
=== ":material-linux: Linux"
|
|
|
|
There are several package managers for Linux with varying availability per
|
|
distribution. The [installation guide] explains how to install the [Cairo
|
|
Graphics] library for your distribution:
|
|
|
|
=== ":material-ubuntu: Ubuntu"
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get install libcairo2-dev libfreetype6-dev libffi-dev libjpeg-dev libpng-dev libz-dev
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== ":material-fedora: Fedora"
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
yum install cairo-devel freetype-devel libffi-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel zlib-devel
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== ":fontawesome-brands-suse: openSUSE"
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
zypper install cairo-devel freetype-devel libffi-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel zlib-devel
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The following environments come with a preinstalled version of [Cairo Graphics]:
|
|
|
|
- [x] No installation needed in [Docker image]
|
|
- [x] No installation needed in [GitHub Actions] (Ubuntu)
|
|
|
|
[Cairo Graphics]: https://www.cairographics.org/
|
|
[Homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
|
|
[installation guide]: https://www.cairographics.org/download/
|
|
[MSYS2]: https://www.msys2.org/
|
|
[UCRT64]: https://www.msys2.org/docs/environments/
|
|
[Docker image]: https://hub.docker.com/r/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/
|
|
[GitHub Actions]: ../../publishing-your-site.md#with-github-actions
|
|
|
|
### pngquant
|
|
|
|
[pngquant] is an excellent library for lossy PNG compression, and a direct
|
|
dependency of the [built-in optimize plugin]. See the following section which
|
|
explains how to install [pngquant] system:
|
|
|
|
=== ":material-apple: macOS"
|
|
|
|
Make sure [Homebrew] is installed, which is a modern package manager for
|
|
macOS. Next, use the following command to install all necessary
|
|
dependencies:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
brew install pngquant
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== ":fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows"
|
|
|
|
The easiest way to get [pngquant] is by installing it via [MSYS2], which is
|
|
a software distribution and building platform for Windows. Run the following
|
|
command inside of a MSYS2 shell:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-pngquant
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== ":material-linux: Linux"
|
|
|
|
All popular Linux distributions, regardless of package manager, should
|
|
allow to install [pngquant] with the bundled package manager. For example,
|
|
on Ubuntu, [pngquant] can be installed with:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
apt-get install pngquant
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The same is true for `yum` and `zypper`.
|
|
|
|
The following environments come with a preinstalled version of [pngquant]:
|
|
|
|
- [x] No installation needed in [Docker image]
|
|
|
|
[pngquant]: https://pngquant.org/
|
|
[built-in optimize plugin]: ../../plugins/optimize.md
|
|
[pngquant-winbuild]: https://github.com/jibsen/pngquant-winbuild
|
|
|
|
## Troubleshooting
|
|
|
|
### Cairo library was not found
|
|
|
|
After following the installation guide above it may happen that you still get
|
|
the following error:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
no library called "cairo-2" was found
|
|
no library called "cairo" was found
|
|
no library called "libcairo-2" was found
|
|
cannot load library 'libcairo.so.2': error 0x7e. Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called 'libcairo.so.2'
|
|
cannot load library 'libcairo.2.dylib': error 0x7e. Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called 'libcairo.2.dylib'
|
|
cannot load library 'libcairo-2.dll': error 0x7e. Additionally, ctypes.util.find_library() did not manage to locate a library called 'libcairo-2.dll'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
This means that the [`cairosvg`][PyPi CairoSVG] package was installed, but the
|
|
underlying [`cairocffi`][PyPi CairoCFFI] dependency couldn't [find][cffi-dopen]
|
|
the installed library. Depending on the operating system the library lookup
|
|
process is different:
|
|
|
|
!!! tip
|
|
Before proceeding remember to fully restart any open Terminal windows, and
|
|
their parent hosts like IDEs to reload any environmental variables, which
|
|
were altered during the installation process. This might be the quick fix.
|
|
|
|
=== ":material-apple: macOS"
|
|
|
|
On macOS the library lookup checks inside paths defined in [dyld][osx-dyld].
|
|
Additionally each library `name` is checked in [three variants][find-library-macOS]
|
|
with the `libname.dylib`, `name.dylib` and `name.framework/name` format.
|
|
|
|
[Homebrew] should set every needed variable to point at the installed
|
|
library directory, but if that didn't happen, you can use the debug script
|
|
below to see what paths are looked up.
|
|
|
|
A [known workaround][cffi-issue] is to add the Homebrew lib path directly
|
|
before running MkDocs:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
export DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/homebrew/lib
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
View source code of [cairo-lookup-macos.py]
|
|
|
|
```bash title="Python Debug macOS Script"
|
|
curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-macos.py" | python -
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== ":fontawesome-brands-windows: Windows"
|
|
|
|
On Windows the library lookup checks inside the paths defined in the
|
|
environmental `PATH` variable. Additionally each library `name` is checked
|
|
in [two variants][find-library-Windows] with the `name` and `name.dll` format.
|
|
|
|
The default binary and shared library path for the [UCRT64] environment of
|
|
[MSYS2], in which the packages were installed using the above commands, is:
|
|
|
|
```powershell
|
|
C:\msys64\ucrt64\bin
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Use the debug script below to check if the path is included. If it isn't then:
|
|
|
|
1. Press ++windows+r++.
|
|
2. Run the `SystemPropertiesAdvanced` applet.
|
|
3. Select "Environmental Variables" at the bottom.
|
|
4. Add the whole path to the above directory to your `Path` variable.
|
|
5. Click OK on all open windows to apply changes.
|
|
6. Fully restart any open Terminal windows and their parent hosts like IDEs.
|
|
|
|
```powershell title="You can also list paths using PowerShell"
|
|
$env:Path -split ';'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
View source code of [cairo-lookup-windows.py]
|
|
|
|
```powershell title="PowerShell - Python Debug Windows Script"
|
|
(Invoke-WebRequest "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-windows.py").Content | python -
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
=== ":material-linux: Linux"
|
|
|
|
On Linux the library lookup can [differ greatly][find-library-Linux] and is
|
|
dependent from the installed distribution. For tested Ubuntu and Manjaro
|
|
systems Python runs shell commands to check which libraries are available in
|
|
[`ldconfig`][ubuntu-ldconfig], in the [`gcc`][ubuntu-gcc]/`cc` compiler, and
|
|
in [`ld`][ubuntu-ld].
|
|
|
|
You can extend the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH` environmental variable with an absolute
|
|
path to a library directory containing `libcairo.so` etc. Run this directly
|
|
before MkDocs:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/absolute/path/to/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
You can also modify the `/etc/ld.so.conf` file.
|
|
|
|
The Python script below shows, which function is being run to find installed
|
|
libraries. You can check the source to find out what specific commands are
|
|
executed on your system during library lookup.
|
|
|
|
View source code of [cairo-lookup-linux.py]
|
|
|
|
```bash title="Python Debug Linux Script"
|
|
curl "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-linux.py" | python -
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
[PyPi CairoSVG]: https://pypi.org/project/CairoSVG
|
|
[PyPi CairoCFFI]: https://pypi.org/project/CairoCFFI
|
|
[osx-dyld]: https://www.unix.com/man-page/osx/1/dyld/
|
|
[ubuntu-ldconfig]: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/focal/en/man8/ldconfig.8.html
|
|
[ubuntu-ld]: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/ld.1.html
|
|
[ubuntu-gcc]: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/trusty/man1/gcc.1.html
|
|
[cffi-issue]: https://github.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/issues/5121
|
|
[cffi-dopen]: https://github.com/Kozea/cairocffi/blob/f1984d644bbc462ef0ec33b97782cf05733d7b53/cairocffi/__init__.py#L24-L49
|
|
[find-library-macOS]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/4d58a1d8fb27048c11bcbda3da1bebf78f979335/Lib/ctypes/util.py#L70-L81
|
|
[find-library-Windows]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/4d58a1d8fb27048c11bcbda3da1bebf78f979335/Lib/ctypes/util.py#L59-L67
|
|
[find-library-Linux]: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/4d58a1d8fb27048c11bcbda3da1bebf78f979335/Lib/ctypes/util.py#L92
|
|
[cairo-lookup-macos.py]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-macos.py
|
|
[cairo-lookup-windows.py]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-windows.py
|
|
[cairo-lookup-linux.py]: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/squidfunk/mkdocs-material/master/includes/debug/cairo-lookup-linux.py
|