vgmstream/src/coding/coding_utils.c

#include "coding.h"
#include <math.h>
#include "../vgmstream.h"


/**
 * Various utils for formats that aren't handled their own decoder or meta
 *
 * ffmpeg_make_riff_* utils don't depend on FFmpeg, but rather, they make headers that FFmpeg
 * can use (it doesn't understand all valid RIFF headers, nor the utils make 100% correct headers).
 */


/* ******************************************** */
/* INTERNAL UTILS                               */
/* ******************************************** */

/**
 * read num_bits (up to 25) from a bit offset.
 * 25 since we read a 32 bit int, and need to adjust up to 7 bits from the byte-rounded fseek (32-7=25)
 */
static uint32_t read_bitsBE_b(off_t bit_offset, int num_bits, STREAMFILE *streamFile) {
    uint32_t num, mask;
    if (num_bits > 25) return -1; //???

    num = read_32bitBE(bit_offset / 8, streamFile); /* fseek rounded to 8 */
    num = num << (bit_offset % 8); /* offset adjust (up to 7) */
    num = num >> (32 - num_bits);
    mask = 0xffffffff >> (32 - num_bits);

    return num & mask;
}


/* ******************************************** */
/* FAKE RIFF HELPERS                            */
/* ******************************************** */
/* All helpers copy a RIFF header to buf and returns the number of bytes in buf or -1 when buf is not big enough */

int ffmpeg_make_riff_atrac3(uint8_t * buf, size_t buf_size, size_t sample_count, size_t data_size, int channels, int sample_rate, int block_align, int joint_stereo, int encoder_delay) {
    uint16_t codec_ATRAC3 = 0x0270;
    size_t riff_size = 4+4+ 4 + 0x28 + 0x10 + 4+4;

    if (buf_size < riff_size)
        return -1;

    memcpy(buf+0x00, "RIFF", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x04, (int32_t)(riff_size-4-4 + data_size)); /* riff size */
    memcpy(buf+0x08, "WAVE", 4);

    memcpy(buf+0x0c, "fmt ", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x10, 0x20);/*fmt size*/
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x14, codec_ATRAC3);
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x16, channels);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x18, sample_rate);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x1c, sample_rate*channels / sizeof(sample)); /* average bytes per second (wrong) */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x20, (int16_t)(block_align)); /* block align */

    put_16bitLE(buf+0x24, 0x0e); /* extra data size */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x26, 1); /* unknown, always 1 */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x28, 0x0800 * channels); /* unknown (some size? 0x1000=2ch, 0x0800=1ch) */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x2a, 0); /* unknown, always 0 */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x2c, joint_stereo ? 0x0001 : 0x0000);
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x2e, joint_stereo ? 0x0001 : 0x0000); /* repeated? */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x30, 1); /* unknown, always 1 (frame_factor?) */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x32, 0); /* unknown, always 0 */

    memcpy(buf+0x34, "fact", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x38, 0x8); /* fact size */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x3c, sample_count);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x40, encoder_delay);

    memcpy(buf+0x44, "data", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x48, data_size); /* data size */

    return riff_size;
}

int ffmpeg_make_riff_atrac3plus(uint8_t * buf, size_t buf_size, size_t sample_count, size_t data_size, int channels, int sample_rate, int block_align, int encoder_delay) {
    uint16_t codec_ATRAC3plus = 0xfffe; /* wave format extensible */
    size_t riff_size = 4+4+ 4 + 0x3c + 0x14 + 4+4;

    if (buf_size < riff_size)
        return -1;

    memcpy(buf+0x00, "RIFF", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x04, (int32_t)(riff_size-4-4 + data_size)); /* riff size */
    memcpy(buf+0x08, "WAVE", 4);

    memcpy(buf+0x0c, "fmt ", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x10, 0x34);/*fmt size*/
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x14, codec_ATRAC3plus);
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x16, channels);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x18, sample_rate);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x1c, sample_rate*channels / sizeof(sample)); /* average bytes per second (wrong) */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x20, (int16_t)(block_align)); /* block align */

    put_16bitLE(buf+0x24, 0x22); /* extra data size */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x26, 0x0800); /* samples per block */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x28, 0x0000003); /* unknown */
    put_32bitBE(buf+0x2c, 0xBFAA23E9); /* GUID1 */
    put_32bitBE(buf+0x30, 0x58CB7144); /* GUID2 */
    put_32bitBE(buf+0x34, 0xA119FFFA); /* GUID3 */
    put_32bitBE(buf+0x38, 0x01E4CE62); /* GUID4 */
    put_16bitBE(buf+0x3c, 0x0010); /* unknown */
    put_16bitBE(buf+0x3e, 0x0000); /* config */ //todo this varies with block size, but FFmpeg doesn't use it
    put_32bitBE(buf+0x40, 0x00000000); /* empty */
    put_32bitBE(buf+0x44, 0x00000000); /* empty */

    memcpy(buf+0x48, "fact", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x4c, 0x0c); /* fact size */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x50, sample_count);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x54, 0); /* unknown */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x58, encoder_delay);

    memcpy(buf+0x5c, "data", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x60, data_size); /* data size */

    return riff_size;
}

int ffmpeg_make_riff_xma1(uint8_t * buf, size_t buf_size, size_t sample_count, size_t data_size, int channels, int sample_rate, int stream_mode) {
    uint16_t codec_XMA1 = 0x0165;
    size_t riff_size;
    int streams, i;

    /* stream disposition:
     * 0: default (ex. 5ch = 2ch + 2ch + 1ch = 3 streams)
     * 1: lineal (ex. 5ch = 1ch + 1ch + 1ch + 1ch + 1ch = 5 streams), unusual but exists
     * others: not seen (ex. maybe 5ch = 2ch + 1ch + 1ch + 1ch = 4 streams) */
    switch(stream_mode) {
        case 0 : streams = (channels + 1) / 2; break;
        case 1 : streams = channels; break;
        default: return 0;
    }

    riff_size = 4+4+ 4 + 0x14 + 0x14*streams + 4+4;

    if (buf_size < riff_size)
        return -1;

    memcpy(buf+0x00, "RIFF", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x04, (int32_t)(riff_size-4-4 + data_size)); /* riff size */
    memcpy(buf+0x08, "WAVE", 4);

    memcpy(buf+0x0c, "fmt ", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x10, 0xc + 0x14*streams);/*fmt size*/
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x14, codec_XMA1);
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x16, 16); /* bits per sample */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x18, 0x10D6); /* encoder options */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x1a, 0); /* largest stream skip (wrong, unneeded) */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x1c, streams); /* number of streams */
    put_8bit   (buf+0x1e, 0); /* loop count */
    put_8bit   (buf+0x1f, 2); /* version */

    for (i = 0; i < streams; i++) {
        int stream_channels;
        uint32_t speakers;
        off_t off = 0x20 + 0x14*i;/* stream riff offset */

        if (stream_mode == 1) {
            /* lineal */
            stream_channels = 1;
            switch(i) { /* per stream, values observed */
                case 0: speakers = 0x0001; break;/* L */
                case 1: speakers = 0x0002; break;/* R */
                case 2: speakers = 0x0004; break;/* C */
                case 3: speakers = 0x0008; break;/* LFE */
                case 4: speakers = 0x0040; break;/* LB */
                case 5: speakers = 0x0080; break;/* RB */
                case 6: speakers = 0x0000; break;/* ? */
                case 7: speakers = 0x0000; break;/* ? */
                default: speakers = 0;
            }
        }
        else {
            /* with odd channels the last stream is mono */
            stream_channels = channels / streams + (channels%2 != 0 && i+1 != streams ? 1 : 0);
            switch(i) { /* per stream, values from xmaencode */
                case 0: speakers = stream_channels == 1 ? 0x0001 : 0x0201; break;/* L R */
                case 1: speakers = stream_channels == 1 ? 0x0004 : 0x0804; break;/* C LFE */
                case 2: speakers = stream_channels == 1 ? 0x0040 : 0x8040; break;/* LB RB */
                case 3: speakers = stream_channels == 1 ? 0x0000 : 0x0000; break;/* somehow empty (maybe should use 0x2010 LS RS) */
                default: speakers = 0;
            }
        }

        put_32bitLE(buf+off+0x00, sample_rate*stream_channels / sizeof(sample)); /* average bytes per second (wrong, unneeded) */
        put_32bitLE(buf+off+0x04, sample_rate);
        put_32bitLE(buf+off+0x08, 0); /* loop start */
        put_32bitLE(buf+off+0x0c, 0); /* loop end */
        put_8bit   (buf+off+0x10, 0); /* loop subframe */
        put_8bit   (buf+off+0x11, stream_channels);
        put_16bitLE(buf+off+0x12, speakers);
    }

    memcpy(buf+riff_size-4-4, "data", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+riff_size-4, data_size); /* data size */

    return riff_size;
}

int ffmpeg_make_riff_xma2(uint8_t * buf, size_t buf_size, size_t sample_count, size_t data_size, int channels, int sample_rate, int block_count, int block_size) {
    uint16_t codec_XMA2 = 0x0166;
    size_t riff_size = 4+4+ 4 + 0x3c + 4+4;
    size_t bytecount;
    int streams;
    uint32_t speakers;

    /* info from xma2defs.h, xact3wb.h and audiodefs.h */
    streams = (channels + 1) / 2;
    switch (channels) {
        case 1: speakers = 0x04; break; /* 1.0: FC */
        case 2: speakers = 0x01 | 0x02; break; /* 2.0: FL FR */
        case 3: speakers = 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x08; break; /* 2.1: FL FR LF */
        case 4: speakers = 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x10 | 0x20; break; /* 4.0: FL FR BL BR */
        case 5: speakers = 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20; break; /* 4.1: FL FR LF BL BR */
        case 6: speakers = 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20; break; /* 5.1: FL FR FC LF BL BR */
        case 7: speakers = 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x0100; break; /* 6.1: FL FR FC LF BL BR BC */
        case 8: speakers = 0x01 | 0x02 | 0x04 | 0x08 | 0x10 | 0x20 | 0x40 | 0x80; break; /* 7.1: FL FR FC LF BL BR FLC FRC */
        default: speakers = 0; break;
    }

    if (buf_size < riff_size)
        return -1;

    bytecount = sample_count * channels * sizeof(sample);

    memcpy(buf+0x00, "RIFF", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x04, (int32_t)(riff_size-4-4 + data_size)); /* riff size */
    memcpy(buf+0x08, "WAVE", 4);

    memcpy(buf+0x0c, "fmt ", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x10, 0x34);/*fmt size*/
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x14, codec_XMA2);
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x16, channels);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x18, sample_rate);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x1c, sample_rate*channels / sizeof(sample)); /* average bytes per second (wrong, unneeded) */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x20, (int16_t)(channels*sizeof(sample))); /* block align */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x22, 16); /* bits per sample */

    put_16bitLE(buf+0x24, 0x22); /* extra data size */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x26, streams); /* number of streams */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x28, speakers); /* speaker position  */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x2c, bytecount); /* PCM samples */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x30, block_size); /* XMA block size (can be zero, it's for seeking only) */
    /* (looping values not set, expected to be handled externally) */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x34, 0); /* play begin */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x38, 0); /* play length */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x3c, 0); /* loop begin */
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x40, 0); /* loop length */
    put_8bit(buf+0x44, 0); /* loop count */
    put_8bit(buf+0x45, 4); /* encoder version */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x46, block_count); /* blocks count (entries in seek table, can be zero) */

    memcpy(buf+0x48, "data", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x4c, data_size); /* data size */

    return riff_size;
}

/* Makes a XMA1/2 RIFF header for FFmpeg using a "fmt " chunk (XMAWAVEFORMAT or XMA2WAVEFORMATEX) as a base:
 * Useful to preserve the stream layout */
int ffmpeg_make_riff_xma_from_fmt_chunk(uint8_t * buf, size_t buf_size, off_t fmt_offset, size_t fmt_size, size_t data_size, STREAMFILE *streamFile, int big_endian) {
    size_t riff_size = 4+4+ 4 + 4+4+fmt_size + 4+4;
    uint8_t chunk[0x100];

    if (buf_size < riff_size || fmt_size > 0x100)
        goto fail;
    if (read_streamfile(chunk,fmt_offset,fmt_size, streamFile) != fmt_size)
        goto fail;

    if (big_endian) {
        int codec = read_16bitBE(fmt_offset,streamFile);
        ffmpeg_fmt_chunk_swap_endian(chunk, fmt_size, codec);
    }

    memcpy(buf+0x00, "RIFF", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x04, (int32_t)(riff_size-4-4 + data_size)); /* riff size */
    memcpy(buf+0x08, "WAVE", 4);

    memcpy(buf+0x0c, "fmt ", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x10, fmt_size);/*fmt size*/
    memcpy(buf+0x14, chunk, fmt_size);

    memcpy(buf+0x14+fmt_size, "data", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x14+fmt_size+4, data_size); /* data size */

    return riff_size;

fail:
    return -1;
}

/* Makes a XMA2 RIFF header for FFmpeg using a "XMA2" chunk (XMA2WAVEFORMAT) as a base.
 * Useful to preserve the stream layout */
int ffmpeg_make_riff_xma2_from_xma2_chunk(uint8_t * buf, size_t buf_size, off_t xma2_offset, size_t xma2_size, size_t data_size, STREAMFILE *streamFile) {
    uint8_t chunk[0x100];
    size_t riff_size;

    riff_size = 4+4+ 4 + 4+4+xma2_size + 4+4;
    if (buf_size < riff_size || xma2_size > 0x100)
        goto fail;
    if (read_streamfile(chunk,xma2_offset,xma2_size, streamFile) != xma2_size)
        goto fail;


    memcpy(buf+0x00, "RIFF", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x04, (int32_t)(riff_size-4-4 + data_size)); /* riff size */
    memcpy(buf+0x08, "WAVE", 4);

    memcpy(buf+0x0c, "XMA2", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x10, xma2_size);
    memcpy(buf+0x14, chunk, xma2_size);

    memcpy(buf+0x14+xma2_size, "data", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x14+xma2_size+4, data_size); /* data size */

    return riff_size;

fail:
    return -1;
}

int ffmpeg_make_riff_xwma(uint8_t * buf, size_t buf_size, int codec, size_t data_size, int channels, int sample_rate, int avg_bps, int block_align) {
    size_t riff_size = 4+4+ 4 + 0x1a + 4+4;

    if (buf_size < riff_size)
        return -1;

    /* XWMA encoder only allows a few channel/sample rate/bitrate combinations,
     * but some create identical files with fake bitrate (1ch 22050hz at
     * 20/48/192kbps are all 20kbps, with the exact same codec data).
     * Decoder needs correct bitrate to work, so it's normalized here. */
    /* (may be removed once FFmpeg fixes this) */
    if (codec == 0x161) { /* WMAv2 only */
        int ch = channels;
        int sr = sample_rate;
        int br = avg_bps * 8;

        /* Must be a bug in MS's encoder, as later versions of xWMAEncode remove these bitrates */
        if (ch == 1) {
            if (sr == 22050 && (br==48000 || br==192000))
                br = 20000;
            else if (sr == 32000 && (br==48000 || br==192000))
                br = 20000;
            else if (sr == 44100 && (br==96000 || br==192000))
                br = 48000;
        }
        else if (ch == 2) {
            if (sr == 22050 && (br==48000 || br==192000))
                br = 32000;
            else if (sr == 32000 && (br==192000))
                br = 48000;
        }

        avg_bps = br / 8;
    }

    memcpy(buf+0x00, "RIFF", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x04, (int32_t)(riff_size-4-4 + data_size)); /* riff size */
    memcpy(buf+0x08, "XWMA", 4);

    memcpy(buf+0x0c, "fmt ", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x10, 0x12);/*fmt size*/
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x14, codec);
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x16, channels);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x18, sample_rate);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x1c, avg_bps); /* average bytes per second, somehow vital for XWMA */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x20, block_align); /* block align */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x22, 16); /* bits per sample */
    put_16bitLE(buf+0x24, 0); /* extra size */
    /* here goes the "dpds" seek table, but it's optional and not needed by FFmpeg */

    memcpy(buf+0x26, "data", 4);
    put_32bitLE(buf+0x2a, data_size); /* data size */

    return riff_size;
}


int ffmpeg_fmt_chunk_swap_endian(uint8_t * chunk, size_t chunk_size, uint16_t codec) {
    int i;
    /* swap from LE to BE or the other way around, doesn't matter */
    switch(codec) {
        case 0x165: { /* XMA1 */
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x00, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x00));/*FormatTag*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x02, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x02));/*BitsPerSample*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x04, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x04));/*EncodeOptions*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x06, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x06));/*LargestSkip*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x08, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x08));/*NumStreams*/
            // put_8bit(chunk + 0x0a,    get_8bit(chunk + 0x0a));/*LoopCount*/
            // put_8bit(chunk + 0x0b,    get_8bit(chunk + 0x0b));/*Version*/
            for (i = 0xc; i < chunk_size; i += 0x14) { /* reverse endianness for each stream */
                put_32bitLE(chunk + i + 0x00, get_32bitBE(chunk + i + 0x00));/*PsuedoBytesPerSec*/
                put_32bitLE(chunk + i + 0x04, get_32bitBE(chunk + i + 0x04));/*SampleRate*/
                put_32bitLE(chunk + i + 0x08, get_32bitBE(chunk + i + 0x08));/*LoopStart*/
                put_32bitLE(chunk + i + 0x0c, get_32bitBE(chunk + i + 0x0c));/*LoopEnd*/
                // put_8bit(chunk + i + 0x10,    get_8bit(chunk + i + 0x10));/*SubframeData*/
                // put_8bit(chunk + i + 0x11,    get_8bit(chunk + i + 0x11));/*Channels*/
                put_16bitLE(chunk + i + 0x12, get_16bitBE(chunk + i + 0x12));/*ChannelMask*/
            }
            break;
        }

        case 0x166: { /* XMA2 */
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x00, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x00));/*wFormatTag*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x02, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x02));/*nChannels*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x04, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x04));/*nSamplesPerSec*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x08, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x08));/*nAvgBytesPerSec*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x0c, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x0c));/*nBlockAlign*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x0e, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x0e));/*wBitsPerSample*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x10, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x10));/*cbSize*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x12, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x12));/*NumStreams*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x14, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x14));/*ChannelMask*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x18, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x18));/*SamplesEncoded*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x1c, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x1c));/*BytesPerBlock*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x20, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x20));/*PlayBegin*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x24, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x24));/*PlayLength*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x28, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x28));/*LoopBegin*/
            put_32bitLE(chunk + 0x2c, get_32bitBE(chunk + 0x2c));/*LoopLength*/
            /* put_8bit(chunk + 0x30,    get_8bit(chunk + 0x30));*//*LoopCount*/
            /* put_8bit(chunk + 0x31,    get_8bit(chunk + 0x31));*//*EncoderVersion*/
            put_16bitLE(chunk + 0x32, get_16bitBE(chunk + 0x32));/*BlockCount*/
            break;
        }
        default:
            goto fail;
    }

    return 1;

fail:
    return 0;
}


/* ******************************************** */
/* XMA PARSING                                  */
/* ******************************************** */

/**
 * Find total and loop samples of Microsoft audio formats (WMAPRO/XMA1/XMA2) by reading frame headers.
 *
 * The stream is made of packets, each containing N small frames of X samples. Frames are further divided into subframes.
 * XMA1/XMA2 can divided into streams for multichannel (1/2ch ... 1/2ch). From the file start, packet 1..N is owned by
 * stream 1..N. Then must follow "packet_skip" value to find the stream next packet, as they are arbitrarily interleaved.
 * XMA1/XMA2/WMAPRO data only differs in the packet headers.
 */
static void ms_audio_get_samples(ms_sample_data * msd, STREAMFILE *streamFile, int start_packet, int channels_per_packet, int bytes_per_packet, int samples_per_frame, int samples_per_subframe, int bits_frame_size) {
    int frames = 0, samples = 0, loop_start_frame = 0, loop_end_frame = 0, start_skip = 0, end_skip = 0;

    size_t first_frame_b, packet_skip_count = 0, frame_size_b, packet_size_b, header_size_b;
    off_t offset_b, packet_offset_b, frame_offset_b;

    size_t packet_size = bytes_per_packet;
    off_t offset = msd->data_offset;
    off_t max_offset = msd->data_offset + msd->data_size;
    off_t stream_offset_b = msd->data_offset * 8;

    offset += start_packet * packet_size;
    packet_size_b = packet_size * 8;

    /* read packets */
    while (offset < max_offset) {
        offset_b = offset * 8; /* global offset in bits */
        offset += packet_size; /* global offset in bytes */

        /* packet header */
        if (msd->xma_version == 1) { /* XMA1 */
            //packet_sequence = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+0,  4,  streamFile); /* numbered from 0 to N */
            //unknown         = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+4,  2,  streamFile); /* packet_metadata? (always 2) */
            first_frame_b     = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+6,  bits_frame_size, streamFile); /* offset in bits inside the packet */
            packet_skip_count = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+21, 11, streamFile); /* packets to skip for next packet of this stream */
            header_size_b     = 32;
        } else if (msd->xma_version == 2) { /* XMA2 */
            //frame_count     = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+0,  6,  streamFile); /* frames that begin in this packet */
            first_frame_b     = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+6,  bits_frame_size, streamFile); /* offset in bits inside this packet */
            //packet_metadata = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+21, 3,  streamFile); /* packet_metadata (always 1) */
            packet_skip_count = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+24, 8,  streamFile); /* packets to skip for next packet of this stream */
            header_size_b     = 32;
        } else { /* WMAPRO(v3) */
            //packet_sequence = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+0,  4,  streamFile); /* numbered from 0 to N */
            //unknown         = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+4,  2,  streamFile); /* packet_metadata? (always 2) */
            first_frame_b     = read_bitsBE_b(offset_b+6,  bits_frame_size, streamFile);  /* offset in bits inside the packet */
            packet_skip_count = 0; /* xwma has no need to skip packets since it uses real multichannel audio */
            header_size_b     = 4+2+bits_frame_size; /* variable-sized header */
        }


        /* XMA2 packets with XMA1 RIFF (transmogrified), remove the packet metadata flag */
        if (msd->xma_version == 1 && (packet_skip_count & 0x700) == 0x100) {
            //VGM_LOG("MS_SAMPLES: XMA1 transmogrified packet header at 0x%lx\n", (off_t)offset_b/8);
            packet_skip_count &= ~0x100;
        }

        /* full packet skip, no new frames start in this packet (prev frames can end here) */
        if (packet_skip_count == 0x7FF) { /* XMA1, 11b */
            VGM_LOG("MS_SAMPLES: XMA1 full packet_skip %i at 0x%"PRIx64"\n", packet_skip_count, (off64_t)offset_b/8);
            packet_skip_count = 0;
            continue;
        }
        else if (packet_skip_count == 0xFF) { /* XMA2, 8b*/
            VGM_LOG("MS_SAMPLES: XMA2 full packet_skip %i at 0x%"PRIx64"\n", packet_skip_count, (off64_t)offset_b/8);
            packet_skip_count = 0;
            continue;
        }
        offset += packet_size * (packet_skip_count); /* skip packets not owned by the first stream, since we only need samples from it */

        /* unusual but not impossible, as the encoder can interleave packets in any way */
        VGM_ASSERT(packet_skip_count > 10, "MS_SAMPLES: found big packet skip %i at 0x%"PRIx64"\n", packet_skip_count, (off64_t)offset_b/8);

        packet_offset_b = header_size_b + first_frame_b;


        /* read packet frames */
        while (packet_offset_b < packet_size_b) {
            frame_offset_b = offset_b + packet_offset_b; /* in bits for aligment stuff */

            /* frame loops, later adjusted with subframes (seems correct vs tests) */
            if (msd->loop_flag && (offset_b + packet_offset_b) - stream_offset_b == msd->loop_start_b)
                loop_start_frame = frames;
            if (msd->loop_flag && (offset_b + packet_offset_b) - stream_offset_b == msd->loop_end_b)
                loop_end_frame = frames;

            /* frame header */
            frame_size_b = read_bitsBE_b(frame_offset_b, bits_frame_size, streamFile);
            frame_offset_b += bits_frame_size;
            //;VGM_LOG("MS_SAMPLES: frame_offset=0x%lx (0b%lx), frame_size=0x%x (0b%x)\n", (off_t)frame_offset_b/8,(off_t)frame_offset_b, frame_size_b/8, frame_size_b);

            /* stop when packet padding starts (0x00 for XMA1 or 0xFF in XMA2) */
            if (frame_size_b == 0 || frame_size_b == (0xffffffff >> (32 - bits_frame_size)))  {
                break;
            }
            packet_offset_b += frame_size_b; /* including header */


            /* find skips (info from FFmpeg) */
            if (channels_per_packet && (msd->xma_version == 1 || msd->xma_version == 2)) {
                int flag;
                int tilehdr_size = 15; //todo incorrect but usable for XMA, fix for WMAPro (complex calcs, see ffmpeg decode_tilehdr)

                frame_offset_b += tilehdr_size;

                /* ignore "postproc transform" */
                if (channels_per_packet > 1) {
                    flag = read_bitsBE_b(frame_offset_b, 1, streamFile);
                    frame_offset_b += 1;
                    if (flag) {
                        flag = read_bitsBE_b(frame_offset_b, 1, streamFile);
                        frame_offset_b += 1;
                        if (flag) {
                            frame_offset_b += 1 + 4 * channels_per_packet*channels_per_packet; /* 4-something per double channel? */
                        }
                    }
                }

                /* get start/end skips to get the proper number of samples */
                flag = read_bitsBE_b(frame_offset_b, 1, streamFile);
                frame_offset_b += 1;
                if (flag) {
                    /* get start skip */
                    flag = read_bitsBE_b(frame_offset_b, 1, streamFile);
                    frame_offset_b += 1;
                    if (flag) {
                        int new_skip = read_bitsBE_b(frame_offset_b, 10, streamFile);
                        VGM_LOG("MS_SAMPLES: start_skip %i at 0x%"PRIx64" (bit 0x%"PRIx64")\n", new_skip, (off64_t)frame_offset_b/8, (off64_t)frame_offset_b);
                        VGM_ASSERT(start_skip, "MS_SAMPLES: more than one start_skip (%i)\n", new_skip); //ignore, happens due to incorrect tilehdr_size
                        frame_offset_b += 10;

                        if (new_skip > samples_per_frame) /* from xmaencode */
                            new_skip = samples_per_frame;

                        if (start_skip==0) /* only use first skip */
                            start_skip = new_skip;
                    }

                    /* get end skip */
                    flag = read_bitsBE_b(frame_offset_b, 1, streamFile);
                    frame_offset_b += 1;
                    if (flag) {
                        int new_skip = read_bitsBE_b(frame_offset_b, 10, streamFile);
                        VGM_LOG("MS_SAMPLES: end_skip %i at 0x%"PRIx64" (bit 0x%"PRIx64")\n", new_skip, (off64_t)frame_offset_b/8, (off64_t)frame_offset_b);
                        VGM_ASSERT(end_skip, "MS_SAMPLES: more than one end_skip (%i)\n", new_skip);//ignore, happens due to incorrect tilehdr_size
                        frame_offset_b += 10;

                        if (new_skip > samples_per_frame) /* from xmaencode  */
                            new_skip = samples_per_frame;

                        end_skip = new_skip; /* always use last skip */
                    }
                }
            }


            samples += samples_per_frame;
            frames++;

            /* last bit in frame = more frames flag, end packet to avoid reading garbage in some cases
             * (last frame spilling to other packets also has this flag, though it's ignored here) */
            if (packet_offset_b < packet_size_b && !read_bitsBE_b(offset_b + packet_offset_b - 1, 1, streamFile)) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }


    msd->num_samples = samples;
    msd->skip_samples = start_skip; //todo remove once FFmpeg decodes correctly
    if (msd->loop_flag && loop_end_frame > loop_start_frame) {
        msd->loop_start_sample = loop_start_frame * samples_per_frame + msd->loop_start_subframe * samples_per_subframe;
        msd->loop_end_sample = loop_end_frame * samples_per_frame + (msd->loop_end_subframe) * samples_per_subframe;
    }

    //todo apply once FFmpeg decode is ok
    // for XMA must internal skip 64 samples + apply skips + output extra 128 IMDCT samples) and remove skip_samples output
#if 0
    if (msd->xma_version == 1 || msd->xma_version == 2) {
        msd->num_samples += 128; /* final extra IMDCT samples */
        msd->num_samples -= start_skip; /* can be less but fixed to 512 in practice */
        msd->num_samples -= end_skip;

        /* from xma2encode tests this looks correct (probably XMA loops considering IMDCT delay)
         * a full loop wav > xma makes start=384, then xma > wav writes "smpl" with start=0 */
        if (msd->loop_flag) {
            msd->loop_start_sample += 128;
            msd->loop_start_sample -= start_skip;

            msd->loop_end_sample += 128;
            msd->loop_end_sample -= start_skip;
        }
    }
#endif

    /* the above can't properly read skips for WMAPro ATM, but should fixed to 1 frame anyway */
    if (msd->xma_version == 0) {
        msd->num_samples -= samples_per_frame; /* FFmpeg does skip this */
#if 0
        msd->num_samples += (samples_per_frame / 2); /* but doesn't add extra samples */
#endif
    }
}

static int wma_get_samples_per_frame(int version, int sample_rate, uint32_t decode_flags) {
    int frame_len_bits;

    if (sample_rate <= 16000)
        frame_len_bits = 9;
    else if (sample_rate <= 22050 || (sample_rate <= 32000 && version == 1))
        frame_len_bits = 10;
    else if (sample_rate <= 48000 || version < 3)
        frame_len_bits = 11;
    else if (sample_rate <= 96000)
        frame_len_bits = 12;
    else
        frame_len_bits = 13;

    if (version == 3) {
        int tmp = decode_flags & 0x6;
        if (tmp == 0x2)
            ++frame_len_bits;
        else if (tmp == 0x4)
            --frame_len_bits;
        else if (tmp == 0x6)
            frame_len_bits -= 2;
    }

    return 1 << frame_len_bits;
}

void xma_get_samples(ms_sample_data * msd, STREAMFILE *streamFile) {
    const int bytes_per_packet = 2048;
    const int samples_per_frame = 512;
    const int samples_per_subframe = 128;

    int start_stream = 0;
    int channels_per_stream = 0;

    /* get from stream config (needed to find skips) */
    if (msd->chunk_offset) {
        int format = read_16bitLE(msd->chunk_offset,streamFile);
        if (format == 0x0165 || format == 0x6501) { /* XMA1 */
            channels_per_stream = read_8bit(msd->chunk_offset + 0x0C + 0x14*start_stream + 0x11,streamFile);
        } else if (format == 0x0166 || format == 0x6601) { /* new XMA2 */
            channels_per_stream = msd->channels > 1 ? 2 : 1;
        } else { /* old XMA2 */
            int version = read_8bit(msd->chunk_offset,streamFile);
            channels_per_stream = read_8bit(msd->chunk_offset + 0x20 + (version==3 ? 0x00 : 0x08) + 0x4*start_stream + 0x00,streamFile);
        }
    }
    else if (msd->channels) {
        channels_per_stream = msd->channels > 1 ? 2 : 1;
    }
    if (channels_per_stream > 2)
        channels_per_stream = 0;

    ms_audio_get_samples(msd, streamFile, start_stream, channels_per_stream, bytes_per_packet, samples_per_frame, samples_per_subframe, 15);
}

void wmapro_get_samples(ms_sample_data * msd, STREAMFILE *streamFile, int block_align, int sample_rate, uint32_t decode_flags) {
    const int version = 3; /* WMAPRO = WMAv3 */
    int bytes_per_packet = block_align;
    int samples_per_frame = 0;
    int samples_per_subframe = 0;
    int bits_frame_size = 0;
    int start_packet = 0;
    int channels_per_stream = msd->channels;

    if (!(decode_flags & 0x40)) {
        VGM_LOG("MS_SAMPLES: no frame length in WMAPro\n");
        msd->num_samples = 0;
        return;
    }
    samples_per_frame = wma_get_samples_per_frame(version, sample_rate, decode_flags);
    bits_frame_size = (int)floor(log(block_align) / log(2)) + 4; /* max bits needed to represent this block_align */
    samples_per_subframe = 0; /* not needed as WMAPro can't use loop subframes (complex subframe lengths) */
    msd->xma_version = 0; /* signal it's not XMA */

    ms_audio_get_samples(msd, streamFile, start_packet, channels_per_stream, bytes_per_packet, samples_per_frame, samples_per_subframe, bits_frame_size);
}

void wma_get_samples(ms_sample_data * msd, STREAMFILE *streamFile, int block_align, int sample_rate, uint32_t decode_flags) {
    const int version = 2; /* WMAv1 rarely used */
    int use_bit_reservoir = 0; /* last packet frame can spill into the next packet */
    int samples_per_frame = 0;
    int num_frames = 0;

    samples_per_frame = wma_get_samples_per_frame(version, sample_rate, decode_flags);

    /* assumed (ASF has a flag for this but XWMA doesn't) */
    if (version == 2)
        use_bit_reservoir = 1;


    if (!use_bit_reservoir) {
        /* 1 frame per packet */
        num_frames = msd->data_size / block_align + (msd->data_size % block_align ? 1 : 0);
    }
    else {
        /* variable frames per packet (mini-header values) */
        off_t offset = msd->data_offset;
        off_t max_offset = msd->data_offset + msd->data_size;
        while (offset < max_offset) { /* read packets (superframes) */
            int packet_frames;
            uint8_t header = read_8bit(offset, streamFile); /* upper nibble: index;  lower nibble: frames */

            /* frames starting in this packet (ie. counts frames that spill due to bit_reservoir) */
            packet_frames = (header & 0xf);

            num_frames += packet_frames;
            offset += block_align;
        }
    }

    msd->num_samples = num_frames * samples_per_frame;

#if 0 //todo apply once FFmpeg decode is ok
    msd->num_samples += (samples_per_frame / 2); /* last IMDCT samples */
    msd->num_samples -= (samples_per_frame * 2); /* WMA default encoder delay */
#endif
}



/* ******************************************** */
/* HEADER PARSING                               */
/* ******************************************** */

/* Read values from a XMA1 RIFF "fmt" chunk (XMAWAVEFORMAT), starting from an offset *after* chunk type+size.
 * Useful as custom X360 headers commonly have it lurking inside. */
void xma1_parse_fmt_chunk(STREAMFILE *streamFile, off_t chunk_offset, int * channels, int * sample_rate, int * loop_flag, int32_t * loop_start_b, int32_t * loop_end_b, int32_t * loop_subframe, int be) {
    int16_t (*read_16bit)(off_t,STREAMFILE*) = be ? read_16bitBE : read_16bitLE;
    int32_t (*read_32bit)(off_t,STREAMFILE*) = be ? read_32bitBE : read_32bitLE;
    int i, num_streams, total_channels = 0;

    if (read_16bit(chunk_offset+0x00,streamFile) != 0x165)
        return;

    num_streams = read_16bit(chunk_offset+0x08,streamFile);
    if(loop_flag)  *loop_flag = (uint8_t)read_8bit(chunk_offset+0xA,streamFile) > 0;

    /* sample rate and loop bit offsets are defined per stream, but the first is enough */
    if(sample_rate)   *sample_rate   = read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x10,streamFile);
    if(loop_start_b)  *loop_start_b  = read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x14,streamFile);
    if(loop_end_b)    *loop_end_b    = read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x18,streamFile);
    if(loop_subframe) *loop_subframe = (uint8_t)read_8bit(chunk_offset+0x1C,streamFile);

    /* channels is the sum of all streams */
    for (i = 0; i < num_streams; i++) {
        total_channels += read_8bit(chunk_offset+0x0C+0x14*i+0x11,streamFile);
    }
    if(channels)      *channels = total_channels;
}

/* Read values from a 'new' XMA2 RIFF "fmt" chunk (XMA2WAVEFORMATEX), starting from an offset *after* chunk type+size.
 * Useful as custom X360 headers commonly have it lurking inside. Only parses the extra data (before is a normal WAVEFORMATEX). */
void xma2_parse_fmt_chunk_extra(STREAMFILE *streamFile, off_t chunk_offset, int * out_loop_flag, int32_t * out_num_samples, int32_t * out_loop_start_sample, int32_t * out_loop_end_sample, int be) {
    int16_t (*read_16bit)(off_t,STREAMFILE*) = be ? read_16bitBE : read_16bitLE;
    int32_t (*read_32bit)(off_t,STREAMFILE*) = be ? read_32bitBE : read_32bitLE;
    int num_samples, loop_start_sample, loop_end_sample, loop_flag;

    if (read_16bit(chunk_offset+0x00,streamFile) != 0x166)
        return;
    if (read_16bit(chunk_offset+0x10,streamFile) < 0x22)
        return; /* expected extra data size */

    num_samples       = read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x18,streamFile);
    loop_start_sample = read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x28,streamFile);
    loop_end_sample   = loop_start_sample + read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x2C,streamFile);
    loop_flag         = (uint8_t)read_8bit(chunk_offset+0x30,streamFile) != 0;

    /* flag rarely set, use loop_end as marker */
    if (!loop_flag) {
        loop_flag = loop_end_sample > 0;

        /* some XMA incorrectly do full loops for every song/jingle [Shadows of the Damned (X360)] */
        if ((loop_start_sample + 128 - 512) == 0 && (loop_end_sample + 128 - 512) + 256 >= (num_samples + 128 - 512)) {
            VGM_LOG("XMA2 PARSE: disabling full loop\n");
            loop_flag = 0;
        }
    }

#if 0 //todo apply once FFmpeg decode is ok
    /* apply extra output + skips (see ms_audio_get_samples, approximate as find out with first and last frames) */
    {
        int start_skip = 512;
        int end_skip = 0;

        num_samples += 128;
        num_samples -= start_skip;
        num_samples -= end_skip;
        if (loop_flag) {
            loop_start_sample += 128;
            loop_start_sample -= start_skip;
            loop_end_sample += 128;
            loop_end_sample -= start_skip;
        }
    }
#endif

    if(out_num_samples)        *out_num_samples       = num_samples;
    if(out_loop_start_sample)  *out_loop_start_sample = loop_start_sample;
    if(out_loop_end_sample)    *out_loop_end_sample   = loop_end_sample;
    if(out_loop_flag)          *out_loop_flag         = loop_flag;

    /* play_begin+end = pcm_samples in original sample rate (not usable as file may be resampled) */
    /* int32_t play_begin_sample = read_32bit(xma->chunk_offset+0x20,streamFile); */
    /* int32_t play_end_sample = play_begin_sample + read_32bit(xma->chunk_offset+0x24,streamFile); */
}

/* Read values from an 'old' XMA2 RIFF "XMA2" chunk (XMA2WAVEFORMAT), starting from an offset *after* chunk type+size.
 * Useful as custom X360 headers commonly have it lurking inside. */
void xma2_parse_xma2_chunk(STREAMFILE *streamFile, off_t chunk_offset, int * out_channels, int * out_sample_rate, int * out_loop_flag, int32_t * out_num_samples, int32_t * out_loop_start_sample, int32_t * out_loop_end_sample) {
    int32_t (*read_32bit)(off_t,STREAMFILE*) = read_32bitBE; /* XMA2WAVEFORMAT is always big endian */
    int i, xma2_chunk_version, num_streams;
    int channels, sample_rate, loop_flag, num_samples, loop_start_sample, loop_end_sample;
    off_t offset;

    xma2_chunk_version = read_8bit(chunk_offset+0x00,streamFile);
    num_streams        = read_8bit(chunk_offset+0x01,streamFile);
    loop_start_sample = read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x04,streamFile);
    loop_end_sample   = read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x08,streamFile);
    loop_flag = (uint8_t)read_8bit(chunk_offset+0x03,streamFile) > 0 || loop_end_sample; /* rarely not set, encoder default */
    sample_rate       = read_32bit(chunk_offset+0x0c,streamFile);

    offset = xma2_chunk_version == 3 ? 0x14 : 0x1C;
    num_samples = read_32bit(chunk_offset+offset+0x00,streamFile);
    /* pcm_samples in original sample rate (not usable as file may be resampled) */
    /* pcm_samples = read_32bitBE(chunk_offset+offset+0x04,streamFile)*/

    offset = xma2_chunk_version == 3 ? 0x20 : 0x28;
    channels = 0; /* channels is the sum of all streams */
    for (i = 0; i < num_streams; i++) {
        channels += read_8bit(chunk_offset+offset+i*0x04,streamFile);
    }

#if 0 //todo apply once FFmpeg decode is ok
    /* apply extra output + skips (see ms_audio_get_samples, approximate as find out with first and last frames) */
    {
        int start_skip = 512;
        int end_skip = 0;

        num_samples += 128;
        num_samples -= start_skip;
        num_samples -= end_skip;
        if (loop_flag) {
            loop_start_sample += 128;
            loop_start_sample -= start_skip;

            loop_end_sample += 128;
            loop_end_sample -= start_skip;
        }
    }
#endif

    if(out_channels)           *out_channels          = channels;
    if(out_sample_rate)        *out_sample_rate       = sample_rate;
    if(out_num_samples)        *out_num_samples       = num_samples;
    if(out_loop_start_sample)  *out_loop_start_sample = loop_start_sample;
    if(out_loop_end_sample)    *out_loop_end_sample   = loop_end_sample;
    if(out_loop_flag)          *out_loop_flag         = loop_flag;
}

/* manually read from "fact" chunk */
int riff_get_fact_skip_samples(STREAMFILE * streamFile, off_t start_offset) {
    off_t chunk_offset;
    size_t chunk_size, fact_skip_samples = 0;
    if (!find_chunk_le(streamFile, 0x66616374, start_offset + 0x0c, 0, &chunk_offset, &chunk_size)) /* find "fact" */
        goto fail;
    if (chunk_size == 0x8) {
        fact_skip_samples = read_32bitLE(chunk_offset + 0x4, streamFile);
    }
    else if (chunk_size == 0xc) {
        fact_skip_samples = read_32bitLE(chunk_offset + 0x8, streamFile);
    }

    return fact_skip_samples;
fail:
    return 0; /* meh */
}

/* ******************************************** */
/* OTHER STUFF                                  */
/* ******************************************** */

size_t atrac3_bytes_to_samples(size_t bytes, int full_block_align) {
    /* ATRAC3 expects full block align since as is can mix joint stereo with mono blocks;
     * so (full_block_align / channels) DOESN'T give the size of a single channel (uncommon in ATRAC3 though) */
    return (bytes / full_block_align) * 1024;
}

size_t atrac3plus_bytes_to_samples(size_t bytes, int full_block_align) {
    /* ATRAC3plus expects full block align since as is can mix joint stereo with mono blocks;
     * so (full_block_align / channels) DOESN'T give the size of a single channel (common in ATRAC3plus) */
    return (bytes / full_block_align) * 2048;
}


/* ******************************************** */
/* BITSTREAM                                    */
/* ******************************************** */


/* Read bits (max 32) from buf and update the bit offset. Vorbis packs values in LSB order and byte by byte.
 * (ex. from 2 bytes 00100111 00000001 we can could read 4b=0111 and 6b=010010, 6b=remainder (second value is split into the 2nd byte) */
static int r_bits_vorbis(vgm_bitstream * ib, int num_bits, uint32_t * value) {
    off_t off, pos;
    int i, bit_buf, bit_val;
    if (num_bits == 0) return 1;
    if (num_bits > 32 || num_bits < 0 || ib->b_off + num_bits > ib->bufsize*8) goto fail;

    *value = 0; /* set all bits to 0 */
    off = ib->b_off / 8; /* byte offset */
    pos = ib->b_off % 8; /* bit sub-offset */
    for (i = 0; i < num_bits; i++) {
        bit_buf = (1U << pos) & 0xFF;   /* bit check for buf */
        bit_val = (1U << i);            /* bit to set in value */

        if (ib->buf[off] & bit_buf)     /* is bit in buf set? */
            *value |= bit_val;          /* set bit */

        pos++;                          /* new byte starts */
        if (pos%8 == 0) {
            pos = 0;
            off++;
        }
    }

    ib->b_off += num_bits;
    return 1;
fail:
    return 0;
}

/* Write bits (max 32) to buf and update the bit offset. Vorbis packs values in LSB order and byte by byte.
 * (ex. writing 1101011010 from b_off 2 we get 01101011 00001101 (value split, and 11 in the first byte skipped)*/
static int w_bits_vorbis(vgm_bitstream * ob, int num_bits, uint32_t value) {
    off_t off, pos;
    int i, bit_val, bit_buf;
    if (num_bits == 0) return 1;
    if (num_bits > 32 || num_bits < 0 || ob->b_off + num_bits > ob->bufsize*8) goto fail;


    off = ob->b_off / 8; /* byte offset */
    pos = ob->b_off % 8; /* bit sub-offset */
    for (i = 0; i < num_bits; i++) {
        bit_val = (1U << i);            /* bit check for value */
        bit_buf = (1U << pos) & 0xFF;   /* bit to set in buf */

        if (value & bit_val)            /* is bit in val set? */
            ob->buf[off] |= bit_buf;    /* set bit */
        else
            ob->buf[off] &= ~bit_buf;   /* unset bit */

        pos++;                          /* new byte starts */
        if (pos%8 == 0) {
            pos = 0;
            off++;
        }
    }

    ob->b_off += num_bits;
    return 1;
fail:
    return 0;
}


/* Read bits (max 32) from buf and update the bit offset. Order is BE (MSF). */
static int r_bits_msf(vgm_bitstream * ib, int num_bits, uint32_t * value) {
    off_t off, pos;
    int i, bit_buf, bit_val;
    if (num_bits == 0) return 1;
    if (num_bits > 32 || num_bits < 0 || ib->b_off + num_bits > ib->bufsize*8) goto fail;

    *value = 0; /* set all bits to 0 */
    off = ib->b_off / 8; /* byte offset */
    pos = ib->b_off % 8; /* bit sub-offset */
    for (i = 0; i < num_bits; i++) {
        bit_buf = (1U << (8-1-pos)) & 0xFF;   /* bit check for buf */
        bit_val = (1U << (num_bits-1-i));     /* bit to set in value */

        if (ib->buf[off] & bit_buf)         /* is bit in buf set? */
            *value |= bit_val;              /* set bit */

        pos++;
        if (pos%8 == 0) {                   /* new byte starts */
            pos = 0;
            off++;
        }
    }

    ib->b_off += num_bits;
    return 1;
fail:
    return 0;
}

/* Write bits (max 32) to buf and update the bit offset. Order is BE (MSF). */
static int w_bits_msf(vgm_bitstream * ob, int num_bits, uint32_t value) {
    off_t off, pos;
    int i, bit_val, bit_buf;
    if (num_bits == 0) return 1;
    if (num_bits > 32 || num_bits < 0 || ob->b_off + num_bits > ob->bufsize*8) goto fail;


    off = ob->b_off / 8; /* byte offset */
    pos = ob->b_off % 8; /* bit sub-offset */
    for (i = 0; i < num_bits; i++) {
        bit_val = (1U << (num_bits-1-i));     /* bit check for value */
        bit_buf = (1U << (8-1-pos)) & 0xFF;   /* bit to set in buf */

        if (value & bit_val)                /* is bit in val set? */
            ob->buf[off] |= bit_buf;        /* set bit */
        else
            ob->buf[off] &= ~bit_buf;       /* unset bit */

        pos++;
        if (pos%8 == 0) {                   /* new byte starts */
            pos = 0;
            off++;
        }
    }

    ob->b_off += num_bits;
    return 1;
fail:
    return 0;
}

int r_bits(vgm_bitstream * ib, int num_bits, uint32_t * value) {
    if (ib->mode == BITSTREAM_VORBIS)
        return r_bits_vorbis(ib,num_bits,value);
    else
        return r_bits_msf(ib,num_bits,value);
}
int w_bits(vgm_bitstream * ob, int num_bits, uint32_t value) {
    if (ob->mode == BITSTREAM_VORBIS)
        return w_bits_vorbis(ob,num_bits,value);
    else
        return w_bits_msf(ob,num_bits,value);
}

/* ******************************************** */
/* CUSTOM STREAMFILES                           */
/* ******************************************** */

STREAMFILE* setup_subfile_streamfile(STREAMFILE *streamFile, off_t subfile_offset, size_t subfile_size, const char* extension) {
    STREAMFILE *temp_streamFile = NULL, *new_streamFile = NULL;

    new_streamFile = open_wrap_streamfile(streamFile);
    if (!new_streamFile) goto fail;
    temp_streamFile = new_streamFile;

    new_streamFile = open_clamp_streamfile(temp_streamFile, subfile_offset,subfile_size);
    if (!new_streamFile) goto fail;
    temp_streamFile = new_streamFile;

    if (extension) {
        new_streamFile = open_fakename_streamfile(temp_streamFile, NULL,extension);
        if (!new_streamFile) goto fail;
        temp_streamFile = new_streamFile;
    }

    return temp_streamFile;

fail:
    close_streamfile(temp_streamFile);
    return NULL;
}