bemaniutils/bemani/utils/afputils.py

#! /usr/bin/env python3
import argparse
import io
import json
import os
import os.path
import struct
import sys
import textwrap
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw  # type: ignore
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple

from bemani.format.dxt import DXTBuffer
from bemani.protocol.binary import BinaryEncoding
from bemani.protocol.lz77 import Lz77
from bemani.protocol.node import Node


def _hex(data: int) -> str:
    hexval = hex(data)[2:]
    if len(hexval) == 1:
        return "0" + hexval
    return hexval


class PMAN:
    def __init__(
        self,
        entries: List[str] = [],
        ordering: List[int] = [],
        flags1: int = 0,
        flags2: int = 0,
        flags3: int = 0,
    ) -> None:
        self.entries = entries
        self.ordering = ordering
        self.flags1 = flags1
        self.flags2 = flags2
        self.flags3 = flags3

    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'flags': [self.flags1, self.flags2, self.flags3],
            'entries': self.entries,
            'ordering': self.ordering,
        }


class Texture:
    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        width: int,
        height: int,
        fmt: int,
        header_flags1: int,
        header_flags2: int,
        header_flags3: int,
        fmtflags: int,
        rawdata: bytes,
        compressed: Optional[bytes],
        imgdata: Any,
    ) -> None:
        self.name = name
        self.width = width
        self.height = height
        self.fmt = fmt
        self.header_flags1 = header_flags1
        self.header_flags2 = header_flags2
        self.header_flags3 = header_flags3
        self.fmtflags = fmtflags
        self.raw = rawdata
        self.compressed = compressed
        self.img = imgdata

    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'name': self.name,
            'width': self.width,
            'height': self.height,
            'fmt': self.fmt,
            'header_flags': [self.header_flags1, self.header_flags2, self.header_flags3],
            'fmt_flags': self.fmtflags,
            'raw': "".join(_hex(x) for x in self.raw),
            'compressed': "".join(_hex(x) for x in self.compressed) if self.compressed is not None else None,
        }


class TextureRegion:
    def __init__(self, textureno: int, left: int, top: int, right: int, bottom: int) -> None:
        self.textureno = textureno
        self.left = left
        self.top = top
        self.right = right
        self.bottom = bottom

    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'texture': self.textureno,
            'left': self.left,
            'top': self.top,
            'right': self.right,
            'bottom': self.bottom,
        }


class Animation:
    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        data: bytes,
        header: bytes = b"",
    ) -> None:
        self.name = name
        self.data = data
        self.header = header

    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'name': self.name,
            'data': "".join(_hex(x) for x in self.data),
            'header': "".join(_hex(x) for x in self.header),
        }


class Shape:
    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        data: bytes,
    ) -> None:
        self.name = name
        self.data = data

    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'name': self.name,
            'data': "".join(_hex(x) for x in self.data),
        }


class Unknown1:
    def __init__(
        self,
        name: str,
        data: bytes,
    ) -> None:
        self.name = name
        self.data = data
        if len(data) != 12:
            raise Exception("Unexpected length for Unknown1 structure!")

    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'name': self.name,
            'data': "".join(_hex(x) for x in self.data),
        }


class Unknown2:
    def __init__(
        self,
        data: bytes,
    ) -> None:
        self.data = data
        if len(data) != 4:
            raise Exception("Unexpected length for Unknown2 structure!")

    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'data': "".join(_hex(x) for x in self.data),
        }


class AFPFile:
    def __init__(self, contents: bytes, verbose: bool = False) -> None:
        # Initialize coverage. This is used to help find missed/hidden file
        # sections that we aren't parsing correctly.
        self.coverage: List[bool] = [False] * len(contents)

        # Original file data that we parse into structures.
        self.data = contents

        # Font data encoding handler. We keep this around as it manages
        # remembering the actual BinXML encoding.
        self.benc = BinaryEncoding()

        # All of the crap!
        self.endian: str = "<"
        self.features: int = 0
        self.file_flags: bytes = b""
        self.text_obfuscated: bool = False
        self.legacy_lz: bool = False
        self.modern_lz: bool = False

        # If we encounter parts of the file that we don't know how to read
        # or save, we drop into read-only mode and throw if somebody tries
        # to update the file.
        self.read_only: bool = False

        # List of all textures in this file. This is unordered, textures should
        # be looked up by name.
        self.textures: List[Texture] = []

        # Texture mapping, which allows other structures to refer to texture
        # by number instead of name.
        self.texturemap: PMAN = PMAN()

        # List of all regions found inside textures, mapped to their textures
        # using texturenos that can be looked up using the texturemap above.
        # This structure is ordered, and the regionno from the regionmap
        # below can be used to look into this structure.
        self.texture_to_region: List[TextureRegion] = []

        # Region mapping, which allows other structures to refer to regions
        # by number instead of name.
        self.regionmap: PMAN = PMAN()

        # Animations(?) and their names found in this file. This is unordered,
        # animations should be looked up by name.
        self.animations: List[Animation] = []

        # Animation(?) mapping, which allows other structures to refer to
        # animations by number instead of name.
        self.animmap: PMAN = PMAN()

        # Font information (mapping for various coepoints to their region in
        # a particular font texture.
        self.fontdata: Optional[Node] = None

        # Shapes(?) with their raw data.
        self.shapes: List[Shape] = []

        # Shape(?) mapping, not understood or used.
        self.shapemap: PMAN = PMAN()

        # Unknown data structures that we have to roundtrip. They correlate to
        # the PMAN structures below.
        self.unknown1: List[Unknown1] = []
        self.unknown2: List[Unknown2] = []

        # Unknown PMAN structures that we have to roundtrip. They correlate to
        # the unknown data structures above.
        self.unk_pman1: PMAN = PMAN()
        self.unk_pman2: PMAN = PMAN()

        # Parse out the file structure.
        self.__parse(verbose)

    def add_coverage(self, offset: int, length: int, unique: bool = True) -> None:
        for i in range(offset, offset + length):
            if self.coverage[i] and unique:
                raise Exception(f"Already covered {hex(offset)}!")
            self.coverage[i] = True

    def as_dict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        return {
            'endian': self.endian,
            'features': self.features,
            'file_flags': "".join(_hex(x) for x in self.file_flags),
            'obfuscated': self.text_obfuscated,
            'legacy_lz': self.legacy_lz,
            'modern_lz': self.modern_lz,
            'textures': [tex.as_dict() for tex in self.textures],
            'texturemap': self.texturemap.as_dict(),
            'textureregion': [reg.as_dict() for reg in self.texture_to_region],
            'regionmap': self.regionmap.as_dict(),
            'animations': [anim.as_dict() for anim in self.animations],
            'animationmap': self.animmap.as_dict(),
            'fontdata': str(self.fontdata) if self.fontdata is not None else None,
            'shapes': [shape.as_dict() for shape in self.shapes],
            'shapemap': self.shapemap.as_dict(),
            'unknown1': [unk.as_dict() for unk in self.unknown1],
            'unknown1map': self.unk_pman1.as_dict(),
            'unknown2': [unk.as_dict() for unk in self.unknown2],
            'unknown2map': self.unk_pman2.as_dict(),
        }

    def print_coverage(self) -> None:
        # First offset that is not coverd in a run.
        start = None

        for offset, covered in enumerate(self.coverage):
            if covered:
                if start is not None:
                    print(f"Uncovered: {hex(start)} - {hex(offset)} ({offset-start} bytes)")
                    start = None
            else:
                if start is None:
                    start = offset
        if start is not None:
            # Print final range
            offset = len(self.coverage)
            print(f"Uncovered: {hex(start)} - {hex(offset)} ({offset-start} bytes)")

    @staticmethod
    def cap32(val: int) -> int:
        return val & 0xFFFFFFFF

    @staticmethod
    def poly(val: int) -> int:
        if (val >> 31) & 1 != 0:
            return 0x4C11DB7
        else:
            return 0

    @staticmethod
    def crc32(bytestream: bytes) -> int:
        # Janky 6-bit CRC for ascii names in PMAN structures.
        result = 0
        for byte in bytestream:
            for i in range(6):
                result = AFPFile.poly(result) ^ AFPFile.cap32((result << 1) | ((byte >> i) & 1))
        return result

    @staticmethod
    def descramble_text(text: bytes, obfuscated: bool) -> str:
        if len(text):
            if obfuscated and (text[0] - 0x20) > 0x7F:
                # Gotta do a weird demangling where we swap the
                # top bit.
                return bytes(((x + 0x80) & 0xFF) for x in text).decode('ascii')
            else:
                return text.decode('ascii')
        else:
            return ""

    @staticmethod
    def scramble_text(text: str, obfuscated: bool) -> bytes:
        if obfuscated:
            return bytes(((x + 0x80) & 0xFF) for x in text.encode('ascii')) + b'\0'
        else:
            return text.encode('ascii') + b'\0'

    def get_until_null(self, offset: int) -> bytes:
        out = b""
        while self.data[offset] != 0:
            out += self.data[offset:(offset + 1)]
            offset += 1
        return out

    def descramble_pman(self, offset: int, verbose: bool) -> PMAN:
        # Suppress debug text unless asked
        if verbose:
            vprint = print
            add_coverage = self.add_coverage
        else:
            def vprint(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore
                pass

            def add_coverage(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore
                pass

        # Unclear what the first three unknowns are, but the fourth
        # looks like it could possibly be two int16s indicating unknown?
        magic, expect_zero, flags1, flags2, numentries, flags3, data_offset = struct.unpack(
            f"{self.endian}4sIIIIII",
            self.data[offset:(offset + 28)],
        )
        add_coverage(offset, 28)

        # I have never seen the first unknown be anything other than zero,
        # so lets lock that down.
        if expect_zero != 0:
            raise Exception("Got a non-zero value for expected zero location in PMAN!")

        if self.endian == "<" and magic != b"PMAN":
            raise Exception("Invalid magic value in PMAN structure!")
        if self.endian == ">" and magic != b"NAMP":
            raise Exception("Invalid magic value in PMAN structure!")

        names: List[Optional[str]] = [None] * numentries
        ordering: List[Optional[int]] = [None] * numentries
        if numentries > 0:
            # Jump to the offset, parse it out
            for i in range(numentries):
                file_offset = data_offset + (i * 12)
                name_crc, entry_no, nameoffset = struct.unpack(
                    f"{self.endian}III",
                    self.data[file_offset:(file_offset + 12)],
                )
                add_coverage(file_offset, 12)

                if nameoffset == 0:
                    raise Exception("Expected name offset in PMAN data!")

                bytedata = self.get_until_null(nameoffset)
                add_coverage(nameoffset, len(bytedata) + 1, unique=False)
                name = AFPFile.descramble_text(bytedata, self.text_obfuscated)
                names[entry_no] = name
                ordering[entry_no] = i
                vprint(f"    {entry_no}: {name}, offset: {hex(nameoffset)}")

                if name_crc != AFPFile.crc32(name.encode('ascii')):
                    raise Exception(f"Name CRC failed for {name}")

        for i, name in enumerate(names):
            if name is None:
                raise Exception(f"Didn't get mapping for entry {i + 1}")

        for i, o in enumerate(ordering):
            if o is None:
                raise Exception(f"Didn't get ordering for entry {i + 1}")

        return PMAN(
            entries=names,
            ordering=ordering,
            flags1=flags1,
            flags2=flags2,
            flags3=flags3,
        )

    def __parse(
        self,
        verbose: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        # Suppress debug text unless asked
        if verbose:
            vprint = print
            add_coverage = self.add_coverage
        else:
            def vprint(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore
                pass

            def add_coverage(*args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> None:  # type: ignore
                pass

        # First, check the signature
        if self.data[0:4] == b"2PXT":
            self.endian = "<"
        elif self.data[0:4] == b"TXP2":
            self.endian = ">"
        else:
            raise Exception("Invalid graphic file format!")
        add_coverage(0, 4)

        # Not sure what words 2 and 3 are, they seem to be some sort of
        # version or date?
        self.file_flags = self.data[4:12]
        add_coverage(4, 8)

        # Now, grab the file length, verify that we have the right amount
        # of data.
        length = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[12:16])[0]
        add_coverage(12, 4)
        if length != len(self.data):
            raise Exception(f"Invalid graphic file length, expecting {length} bytes!")

        # I think that offset 16-20 are the file data offset, but I'm not sure?
        header_length = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[16:20])[0]
        add_coverage(16, 4)

        # Now, the meat of the file format. Bytes 20-24 are a bitfield for
        # what parts of the header exist in the file. We need to understand
        # each bit so we know how to skip past each section.
        feature_mask = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[20:24])[0]
        add_coverage(20, 4)
        header_offset = 24

        # Lots of magic happens if this bit is set.
        self.text_obfuscated = bool(feature_mask & 0x20)
        self.legacy_lz = bool(feature_mask & 0x04)
        self.modern_lz = bool(feature_mask & 0x40000)
        self.features = feature_mask

        if feature_mask & 0x01:
            # List of textures that exist in the file, with pointers to their data.
            length, offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}II", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 8)])
            add_coverage(header_offset, 8)
            header_offset += 8

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000001 - textures; count: {length}, offset: {hex(offset)}")

            for x in range(length):
                interesting_offset = offset + (x * 12)
                if interesting_offset != 0:
                    name_offset, texture_length, texture_offset = struct.unpack(
                        f"{self.endian}III",
                        self.data[interesting_offset:(interesting_offset + 12)],
                    )
                    add_coverage(interesting_offset, 12)

                    if name_offset != 0:
                        # Let's decode this until the first null.
                        bytedata = self.get_until_null(name_offset)
                        add_coverage(name_offset, len(bytedata) + 1, unique=False)
                        name = AFPFile.descramble_text(bytedata, self.text_obfuscated)

                    if name_offset != 0 and texture_offset != 0:
                        if self.legacy_lz:
                            raise Exception("We don't support legacy lz mode!")
                        elif self.modern_lz:
                            # Get size, round up to nearest power of 4
                            inflated_size, deflated_size = struct.unpack(
                                ">II",
                                self.data[texture_offset:(texture_offset + 8)],
                            )
                            add_coverage(texture_offset, 8)
                            if deflated_size != (texture_length - 8):
                                raise Exception("We got an incorrect length for lz texture!")
                            vprint(f"    {name}, length: {texture_length}, offset: {hex(texture_offset)}, deflated_size: {deflated_size}, inflated_size: {inflated_size}")
                            inflated_size = (inflated_size + 3) & (~3)

                            # Get the data offset.
                            lz_data_offset = texture_offset + 8
                            lz_data = self.data[lz_data_offset:(lz_data_offset + deflated_size)]
                            add_coverage(lz_data_offset, deflated_size)

                            # This takes forever, so skip it if we're pretending.
                            lz77 = Lz77()
                            raw_data = lz77.decompress(lz_data)
                        else:
                            inflated_size, deflated_size = struct.unpack(
                                ">II",
                                self.data[texture_offset:(texture_offset + 8)],
                            )

                            # I'm guessing how raw textures work because I haven't seen them.
                            # I assume they're like the above, so lets put in some asertions.
                            if deflated_size != (texture_length - 8):
                                raise Exception("We got an incorrect length for raw texture!")
                            vprint(f"    {name}, length: {texture_length}, offset: {hex(texture_offset)}, deflated_size: {deflated_size}, inflated_size: {inflated_size}")

                            # Just grab the raw data.
                            lz_data = None
                            raw_data = self.data[(texture_offset + 8):(texture_offset + 8 + deflated_size)]
                            add_coverage(texture_offset, deflated_size + 8)

                        (
                            magic,
                            header_flags1,
                            header_flags2,
                            raw_length,
                            width,
                            height,
                            fmtflags,
                            expected_zero1,
                            expected_zero2,
                        ) = struct.unpack(
                            f"{self.endian}4sIIIHHIII",
                            raw_data[0:32],
                        )
                        if raw_length != len(raw_data):
                            raise Exception("Invalid texture length!")
                        # I have only ever observed the following values across two different games.
                        # Don't want to keep the chunk around so let's assert our assumptions.
                        if (expected_zero1 | expected_zero2) != 0:
                            raise Exception("Found unexpected non-zero value in texture header!")
                        if raw_data[32:44] != b'\0' * 12:
                            raise Exception("Found unexpected non-zero value in texture header!")
                        # This is almost ALWAYS 3, but I've seen it be 1 as well, so I guess we have to
                        # round-trip it if we want to write files back out. I have no clue what it's for.
                        # I've seen it be 1 only on files used for fonts so far, but I am not sure there
                        # is any correlation there.
                        header_flags3 = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", raw_data[44:48])[0]
                        if raw_data[48:64] != b'\0' * 16:
                            raise Exception("Found unexpected non-zero value in texture header!")
                        fmt = fmtflags & 0xFF

                        # Extract flags that the game cares about.
                        # flags1 = (fmtflags >> 24) & 0xFF
                        # flags2 = (fmtflags >> 16) & 0xFF

                        # These flags may have some significance, such as
                        # the unk3/unk4 possibly indicating texture doubling?
                        # unk1 = 3 if (flags1 & 0xF == 1) else 1
                        # unk2 = 3 if ((flags1 >> 4) & 0xF == 1) else 1
                        # unk3 = 1 if (flags2 & 0xF == 1) else 2
                        # unk4 = 1 if ((flags2 >> 4) & 0xF == 1) else 2

                        if self.endian == "<" and magic != b"TDXT":
                            raise Exception("Unexpected texture format!")
                        if self.endian == ">" and magic != b"TXDT":
                            raise Exception("Unexpected texture format!")

                        # Since the AFP file format can be found in both big and little endian, its
                        # possible that some of these loaders might need byteswapping on some platforms.
                        # This has been tested on files intended for X86 (little endian).

                        if fmt == 0x0B:
                            # 16-bit 565 color RGB format. Game references D3D9 texture format 23 (R5G6B5).
                            newdata = []
                            for i in range(width * height):
                                pixel = struct.unpack(
                                    f"{self.endian}H",
                                    raw_data[(64 + (i * 2)):(66 + (i * 2))],
                                )[0]
                                red = ((pixel >> 0) & 0x1F) << 3
                                green = ((pixel >> 5) & 0x3F) << 2
                                blue = ((pixel >> 11) & 0x1F) << 3
                                newdata.append(
                                    struct.pack("<BBB", blue, green, red)
                                )
                            img = Image.frombytes(
                                'RGB', (width, height), b''.join(newdata), 'raw', 'RGB',
                            )
                        elif fmt == 0x0E:
                            # RGB image, no alpha. Game references D3D9 texture format 22 (R8G8B8).
                            img = Image.frombytes(
                                'RGB', (width, height), raw_data[64:], 'raw', 'RGB',
                            )
                        elif fmt == 0x10:
                            # Seems to be some sort of RGB with color swapping. Game references D3D9 texture
                            # format 21 (A8R8B8G8) but does manual byteswapping.
                            # TODO: Not sure this is correct, need to find sample files.
                            img = Image.frombytes(
                                'RGB', (width, height), raw_data[64:], 'raw', 'BGR',
                            )
                        elif fmt == 0x13:
                            # Some 16-bit texture format. Game references D3D9 texture format 25 (A1R5G5B5).
                            newdata = []
                            for i in range(width * height):
                                pixel = struct.unpack(
                                    f"{self.endian}H",
                                    raw_data[(64 + (i * 2)):(66 + (i * 2))],
                                )[0]
                                alpha = 255 if ((pixel >> 15) & 0x1) != 0 else 0
                                red = ((pixel >> 0) & 0x1F) << 3
                                green = ((pixel >> 5) & 0x1F) << 3
                                blue = ((pixel >> 10) & 0x1F) << 3
                                newdata.append(
                                    struct.pack("<BBBB", blue, green, red, alpha)
                                )
                            img = Image.frombytes(
                                'RGBA', (width, height), b''.join(newdata), 'raw', 'RGBA',
                            )
                        elif fmt == 0x15:
                            # RGBA format. Game references D3D9 texture format 21 (A8R8G8B8).
                            # Looks like unlike 0x20 below, the game does some endianness swapping.
                            # TODO: Not sure this is correct, need to find sample files.
                            img = Image.frombytes(
                                'RGBA', (width, height), raw_data[64:], 'raw', 'ARGB',
                            )
                        elif fmt == 0x16:
                            # DXT1 format. Game references D3D9 DXT1 texture format.
                            dxt = DXTBuffer(width, height)
                            img = Image.frombuffer(
                                'RGBA',
                                (width, height),
                                dxt.DXT1Decompress(raw_data[64:], endian=self.endian),
                                'raw',
                                'RGBA',
                                0,
                                1,
                            )
                        elif fmt == 0x1A:
                            # DXT5 format. Game references D3D9 DXT5 texture format.
                            dxt = DXTBuffer(width, height)
                            img = Image.frombuffer(
                                'RGBA',
                                (width, height),
                                dxt.DXT5Decompress(raw_data[64:], endian=self.endian),
                                'raw',
                                'RGBA',
                                0,
                                1,
                            )
                        elif fmt == 0x1E:
                            # I have no idea what format this is. The game does some byte
                            # swapping but doesn't actually call any texture create calls.
                            # This might be leftover from another game.
                            pass
                        elif fmt == 0x1F:
                            # 16-bit 4-4-4-4 RGBA format. Game references D3D9 texture format 26 (A4R4G4B4).
                            newdata = []
                            for i in range(width * height):
                                pixel = struct.unpack(
                                    f"{self.endian}H",
                                    raw_data[(64 + (i * 2)):(66 + (i * 2))],
                                )[0]
                                blue = ((pixel >> 0) & 0xF) << 4
                                green = ((pixel >> 4) & 0xF) << 4
                                red = ((pixel >> 8) & 0xF) << 4
                                alpha = ((pixel >> 12) & 0xF) << 4
                                newdata.append(
                                    struct.pack("<BBBB", red, green, blue, alpha)
                                )
                            img = Image.frombytes(
                                'RGBA', (width, height), b''.join(newdata), 'raw', 'RGBA',
                            )
                        elif fmt == 0x20:
                            # RGBA format. Game references D3D9 surface format 21 (A8R8G8B8).
                            img = Image.frombytes(
                                'RGBA', (width, height), raw_data[64:], 'raw', 'BGRA',
                            )
                        else:
                            vprint(f"Unsupported format {hex(fmt)} for texture {name}")
                            img = None

                        self.textures.append(
                            Texture(
                                name,
                                width,
                                height,
                                fmt,
                                header_flags1,
                                header_flags2,
                                header_flags3,
                                fmtflags & 0xFFFFFF00,
                                raw_data[64:],
                                lz_data,
                                img,
                            )
                        )
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000001 - textures; NOT PRESENT")

        # Mapping between texture index and the name of the texture.
        if feature_mask & 0x02:
            # Seems to be a structure that duplicates texture names? I am pretty
            # sure this is used to map texture names to file indexes used elsewhere.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000002 - texturemapping; offset: {hex(offset)}")

            if offset != 0:
                self.texturemap = self.descramble_pman(offset, verbose)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000002 - texturemapping; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x04:
            vprint("Bit 0x000004 - legacy lz mode on")
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000004 - legacy lz mode off")

        # Mapping between region index and the texture it goes to as well as the
        # region of texture that this particular graphic makes up.
        if feature_mask & 0x08:
            # Mapping between individual graphics and their respective textures.
            # This is 10 bytes per entry. Seems to need both 0x2 (texture index)
            # and 0x10 (region index).
            length, offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}II", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 8)])
            add_coverage(header_offset, 8)
            header_offset += 8

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000008 - regions; count: {length}, offset: {hex(offset)}")

            if offset != 0 and length > 0:
                for i in range(length):
                    descriptor_offset = offset + (10 * i)
                    texture_no, left, top, right, bottom = struct.unpack(
                        f"{self.endian}HHHHH",
                        self.data[descriptor_offset:(descriptor_offset + 10)],
                    )
                    add_coverage(descriptor_offset, 10)

                    if texture_no < 0 or texture_no >= len(self.texturemap.entries):
                        raise Exception(f"Out of bounds texture {texture_no}")
                    vprint(f"    length: 10, offset: {hex(offset + (10 * i))}")

                    # TODO: The offsets here seem to be off by a power of 2, there
                    # might be more flags in the above texture format that specify
                    # device scaling and such?
                    self.texture_to_region.append(TextureRegion(texture_no, left, top, right, bottom))
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000008 - regions; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x10:
            # Names of the graphics regions, so we can look into the texture_to_region
            # mapping above.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000010 - regionmapping; offset: {hex(offset)}")

            if offset != 0:
                self.regionmap = self.descramble_pman(offset, verbose)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000010 - regionmapping; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x20:
            vprint("Bit 0x000020 - text obfuscation on")
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000020 - text obfuscation off")

        if feature_mask & 0x40:
            # Two unknown bytes, first is a length or a count. Secound is
            # an optional offset to grab another set of bytes from.
            length, offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}II", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 8)])
            add_coverage(header_offset, 8)
            header_offset += 8

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000040 - unknown; count: {length}, offset: {hex(offset)}")

            if offset != 0 and length > 0:
                for i in range(length):
                    unk_offset = offset + (i * 16)
                    name_offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[unk_offset:(unk_offset + 4)])[0]
                    add_coverage(unk_offset, 4)

                    # The game does some very bizarre bit-shifting. Its clear tha the first value
                    # points at a name structure, but its not in the correct endianness. This replicates
                    # the weird logic seen in game disassembly.
                    name_offset = (((name_offset >> 7) & 0x1FF) << 16) + ((name_offset >> 16) & 0xFFFF)
                    if name_offset != 0:
                        # Let's decode this until the first null.
                        bytedata = self.get_until_null(name_offset)
                        add_coverage(name_offset, len(bytedata) + 1, unique=False)
                        name = AFPFile.descramble_text(bytedata, self.text_obfuscated)
                        vprint(f"    {name}")

                    self.unknown1.append(
                        Unknown1(
                            name=name,
                            data=self.data[(unk_offset + 4):(unk_offset + 16)],
                        )
                    )
                    add_coverage(unk_offset + 4, 12)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000040 - unknown; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x80:
            # One unknown byte, treated as an offset. This is clearly the mapping for the parsed
            # structures from 0x40, but I don't know what those are.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000080 - unknownmapping; offset: {hex(offset)}")

            # TODO: I have no idea what this is for.
            if offset != 0:
                self.unk_pman1 = self.descramble_pman(offset, verbose)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000080 - unknownmapping; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x100:
            # Two unknown bytes, first is a length or a count. Secound is
            # an optional offset to grab another set of bytes from.
            length, offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}II", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 8)])
            add_coverage(header_offset, 8)
            header_offset += 8

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000100 - unknown; count: {length}, offset: {hex(offset)}")

            if offset != 0 and length > 0:
                for i in range(length):
                    unk_offset = offset + (i * 4)
                    self.unknown2.append(
                        Unknown2(self.data[unk_offset:(unk_offset + 4)])
                    )
                    add_coverage(unk_offset, 4)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000100 - unknown; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x200:
            # One unknown byte, treated as an offset. Almost positive its a string mapping
            # for the above 0x100 structure. That's how this file format appears to work.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000200 - unknownmapping; offset: {hex(offset)}")

            # TODO: I have no idea what this is for.
            if offset != 0:
                self.unk_pman2 = self.descramble_pman(offset, verbose)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000200 - unknownmapping; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x400:
            # One unknown byte, treated as an offset. I have no idea what this is used for,
            # it seems to be empty data in files that I've looked at, it doesn't go to any
            # structure or mapping.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000400 - unknown; offset: {hex(offset)}")
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000400 - unknown; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x800:
            # This is the names of the animations as far as I can tell.
            length, offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}II", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 8)])
            add_coverage(header_offset, 8)
            header_offset += 8

            vprint(f"Bit 0x000800 - animations; count: {length}, offset: {hex(offset)}")

            for x in range(length):
                interesting_offset = offset + (x * 12)
                if interesting_offset != 0:
                    name_offset, anim_length, anim_offset = struct.unpack(
                        f"{self.endian}III",
                        self.data[interesting_offset:(interesting_offset + 12)],
                    )
                    add_coverage(interesting_offset, 12)
                    if name_offset != 0:
                        # Let's decode this until the first null.
                        bytedata = self.get_until_null(name_offset)
                        add_coverage(name_offset, len(bytedata) + 1, unique=False)
                        name = AFPFile.descramble_text(bytedata, self.text_obfuscated)
                        vprint(f"    {name}, length: {anim_length}, offset: {hex(anim_offset)}")

                    if anim_offset != 0:
                        self.animations.append(
                            Animation(
                                name,
                                self.data[anim_offset:(anim_offset + anim_length)]
                            )
                        )
                        add_coverage(anim_offset, anim_length)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x000800 - animations; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x1000:
            # Seems to be a secondary structure mirroring the above.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x001000 - animationmapping; offset: {hex(offset)}")

            if offset != 0:
                self.animmap = self.descramble_pman(offset, verbose)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x001000 - animationmapping; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x2000:
            # I am making a very preliminary guess that these are shapes used along
            # with animations specified below. The names in these sections tend to
            # have the word "shape" in them.
            length, offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}II", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 8)])
            add_coverage(header_offset, 8)
            header_offset += 8

            vprint(f"Bit 0x002000 - shapes; count: {length}, offset: {hex(offset)}")

            # TODO: We do a LOT of extra stuff with this one, if count > 0...
            for x in range(length):
                shape_base_offset = offset + (x * 12)
                if shape_base_offset != 0:
                    name_offset, shape_length, shape_offset = struct.unpack(
                        f"{self.endian}III",
                        self.data[shape_base_offset:(shape_base_offset + 12)],
                    )
                    add_coverage(shape_base_offset, 12)

                    # TODO: At the shape offset is a "D2EG" structure of some sort.
                    # I have no idea what these do. I would have to look into it
                    # more if its important.

                    if name_offset != 0:
                        # Let's decode this until the first null.
                        bytedata = self.get_until_null(name_offset)
                        add_coverage(name_offset, len(bytedata) + 1, unique=False)
                        name = AFPFile.descramble_text(bytedata, self.text_obfuscated)
                        vprint(f"    {name}, length: {shape_length}, offset: {hex(shape_offset)}")

                    if shape_offset != 0:
                        add_coverage(shape_offset, shape_length)
                        self.shapes.append(
                            Shape(
                                name,
                                self.data[shape_offset:(shape_offset + shape_length)],
                            )
                        )
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x002000 - shapes; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x4000:
            # Seems to be a secondary section mirroring the names from above.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x004000 - shapesmapping; offset: {hex(offset)}")

            if offset != 0:
                self.shapemap = self.descramble_pman(offset, verbose)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x004000 - shapesmapping; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x8000:
            # One unknown byte, treated as an offset. I have no idea what this is because
            # the games I've looked at don't include this bit.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x008000 - unknown; offset: {hex(offset)}")

            # Since I've never seen this, I'm going to assume that it showing up is
            # bad and make things read only.
            self.read_only = True
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x008000 - unknown; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x10000:
            # Included font package, BINXRPC encoded.
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            # I am not sure what the unknown byte is for. It always appears as
            # all zeros in all files I've looked at.
            expect_zero, length, binxrpc_offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}III", self.data[offset:(offset + 12)])
            add_coverage(offset, 12)

            vprint(f"Bit 0x010000 - fontinfo; offset: {hex(offset)}, binxrpc offset: {hex(binxrpc_offset)}")

            if expect_zero != 0:
                # If we find non-zero versions of this, then that means updating the file is
                # potentially unsafe as we could rewrite it incorrectly. So, let's assert!
                raise Exception("Expected a zero in font package header!")

            if binxrpc_offset != 0:
                self.fontdata = self.benc.decode(self.data[binxrpc_offset:(binxrpc_offset + length)])
                add_coverage(binxrpc_offset, length)
            else:
                self.fontdata = None
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x010000 - fontinfo; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x20000:
            # I am beginning to suspect that this is animation/level data. I have
            # no idea what "afp" is. Games refer to these as "afp streams".
            offset = struct.unpack(f"{self.endian}I", self.data[header_offset:(header_offset + 4)])[0]
            add_coverage(header_offset, 4)
            header_offset += 4

            vprint(f"Bit 0x020000 - animationheaders; offset: {hex(offset)}")

            if offset > 0 and len(self.animations) > 0:
                for i in range(len(self.animations)):
                    structure_offset = offset + (i * 12)

                    # First word is always zero, as observed. I am not ENTIRELY sure that
                    # the second field is length, but it lines up with everything else
                    # I've observed and seems to make sense.
                    expect_zero, afp_header_length, afp_header = struct.unpack(
                        f"{self.endian}III",
                        self.data[structure_offset:(structure_offset + 12)]
                    )
                    vprint(f"    length: {afp_header_length}, offset: {hex(afp_header)}")
                    add_coverage(structure_offset, 12)

                    if expect_zero != 0:
                        # If we find non-zero versions of this, then that means updating the file is
                        # potentially unsafe as we could rewrite it incorrectly. So, let's assert!
                        raise Exception("Expected a zero in font package header!")

                    self.animations[i].header = self.data[afp_header:(afp_header + afp_header_length)]
                    add_coverage(afp_header, afp_header_length)
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x020000 - animationheaders; NOT PRESENT")

        if feature_mask & 0x40000:
            vprint("Bit 0x040000 - modern lz mode on")
        else:
            vprint("Bit 0x040000 - modern lz mode off")

        if feature_mask & 0xFFF80000:
            # We don't know these bits at all!
            raise Exception("Invalid bits set in feature mask!")

        if header_offset != header_length:
            raise Exception("Failed to parse bitfield of header correctly!")

        if verbose:
            self.print_coverage()

    @staticmethod
    def align(val: int) -> int:
        return (val + 3) & 0xFFFFFFFFC

    @staticmethod
    def pad(data: bytes, length: int) -> bytes:
        if len(data) == length:
            return data
        elif len(data) > length:
            raise Exception("Logic error, padding request in data already written!")
        return data + (b"\0" * (length - len(data)))

    def write_strings(self, data: bytes, strings: Dict[str, int]) -> bytes:
        tuples: List[Tuple[str, int]] = [(name, strings[name]) for name in strings]
        tuples = sorted(tuples, key=lambda tup: tup[1])

        for (string, offset) in tuples:
            data = AFPFile.pad(data, offset)
            data += AFPFile.scramble_text(string, self.text_obfuscated)

        return data

    def write_pman(self, data: bytes, offset: int, pman: PMAN, string_offsets: Dict[str, int]) -> bytes:
        # First, lay down the PMAN header
        if self.endian == "<":
            magic = b"PMAN"
        elif self.endian == ">":
            magic = b"NAMP"
        else:
            raise Exception("Logic error, unexpected endianness!")

        # Calculate where various data goes
        data = AFPFile.pad(data, offset)
        payload_offset = offset + 28
        string_offset = payload_offset + (len(pman.entries) * 12)
        pending_strings: Dict[str, int] = {}

        data += struct.pack(
            f"{self.endian}4sIIIIII",
            magic,
            0,
            pman.flags1,
            pman.flags2,
            len(pman.entries),
            pman.flags3,
            payload_offset,
        )

        # Now, lay down the individual entries
        datas: List[bytes] = [b""] * len(pman.entries)
        for entry_no, name in enumerate(pman.entries):
            name_crc = AFPFile.crc32(name.encode('ascii'))

            if name not in string_offsets:
                # We haven't written this string out yet, so put it on our pending list.
                pending_strings[name] = string_offset
                string_offsets[name] = string_offset

                # Room for the null byte!
                string_offset += len(name) + 1

            # Write out the chunk itself.
            datas[pman.ordering[entry_no]] = struct.pack(
                f"{self.endian}III",
                name_crc,
                entry_no,
                string_offsets[name],
            )

        # Write it out in the correct order. Some files are hardcoded in various
        # games so we MUST preserve the order of PMAN entries.
        data += b"".join(datas)

        # Now, put down the strings that were new in this pman structure.
        return self.write_strings(data, pending_strings)

    def unparse(self) -> bytes:
        if self.read_only:
            raise Exception("This file is read-only because we can't parse some of it!")

        # Mapping from various strings found in the file to their offsets.
        string_offsets: Dict[str, int] = {}
        pending_strings: Dict[str, int] = {}

        # The true file header, containing magic, some file flags, file length and
        # header length.
        header: bytes = b''

        # The bitfield structure that dictates what's found in the file and where.
        bitfields: bytes = b''

        # The data itself.
        body: bytes = b''

        # First, plop down the file magic as well as the unknown file flags we
        # roundtripped.
        if self.endian == "<":
            header += b"2PXT"
        elif self.endian == ">":
            header += b"TXP2"
        else:
            raise Exception("Invalid graphic file format!")

        # Not sure what words 2 and 3 are, they seem to be some sort of
        # version or date?
        header += self.data[4:12]

        # We can't plop the length down yet, since we don't know it. So, let's first
        # figure out what our bitfield length is.
        header_length = 0
        if self.features & 0x1:
            header_length += 8
        if self.features & 0x2:
            header_length += 4
        # Bit 0x4 is for lz options.
        if self.features & 0x8:
            header_length += 8
        if self.features & 0x10:
            header_length += 4
        # Bit 0x20 is for text obfuscation options.
        if self.features & 0x40:
            header_length += 8
        if self.features & 0x80:
            header_length += 4
        if self.features & 0x100:
            header_length += 8
        if self.features & 0x200:
            header_length += 4
        if self.features & 0x400:
            header_length += 4
        if self.features & 0x800:
            header_length += 8
        if self.features & 0x1000:
            header_length += 4
        if self.features & 0x2000:
            header_length += 8
        if self.features & 0x4000:
            header_length += 4
        if self.features & 0x8000:
            header_length += 4
        if self.features & 0x10000:
            header_length += 4
        if self.features & 0x20000:
            header_length += 4
        # Bit 0x40000 is for lz options.

        # We keep this indirection because we want to do our best to preserve
        # the file order we observe in actual files. So, that means writing data
        # out of order of when it shows in the header, and as such we must remember
        # what chunks go where. We key by feature bitmask so its safe to have empties.
        bitchunks = [b""] * 32

        # Pad out the body for easier calculations below
        body = AFPFile.pad(body, 24 + header_length)

        # Start laying down various file pieces.
        texture_to_update_offset: Dict[str, Tuple[int, bytes]] = {}
        if self.features & 0x01:
            # List of textures that exist in the file, with pointers to their data.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # First, lay down pointers and length, regardless of number of entries.
            bitchunks[0] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}II", len(self.textures), offset)

            # Now, calculate how long each texture is and formulate the data itself.
            name_to_length: Dict[str, int] = {}

            # Now, possibly compress and lay down textures.
            for texture in self.textures:
                # Construct the TXDT texture format from our parsed results.
                if self.endian == "<":
                    magic = b"TDXT"
                elif self.endian == ">":
                    magic != b"TXDT"
                else:
                    raise Exception("Unexpected texture format!")

                fmtflags = (texture.fmtflags & 0xFFFFFF00) | (texture.fmt & 0xFF)

                raw_texture = struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}4sIIIHHIII",
                    magic,
                    texture.header_flags1,
                    texture.header_flags2,
                    64 + len(texture.raw),
                    texture.width,
                    texture.height,
                    fmtflags,
                    0,
                    0,
                ) + (b'\0' * 12) + struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}I", texture.header_flags3,
                ) + (b'\0' * 16) + texture.raw

                if self.legacy_lz:
                    raise Exception("We don't support legacy lz mode!")
                elif self.modern_lz:
                    if texture.compressed:
                        # We didn't change this texture, use the original compression.
                        compressed_texture = texture.compressed
                    else:
                        # We need to compress the raw texture.
                        lz77 = Lz77()
                        compressed_texture = lz77.compress(raw_texture)

                    # Construct the mini-header and the texture itself.
                    name_to_length[texture.name] = len(compressed_texture) + 8
                    texture_to_update_offset[texture.name] = (
                        0xDEADBEEF,
                        struct.pack(
                            ">II",
                            len(raw_texture),
                            len(compressed_texture),
                        ) + compressed_texture,
                    )
                else:
                    # We just need to place the raw texture down.
                    name_to_length[texture.name] = len(raw_texture) + 8
                    texture_to_update_offset[texture.name] = (
                        0xDEADBEEF,
                        struct.pack(
                            ">II",
                            len(raw_texture),
                            len(raw_texture),
                        ) + raw_texture,
                    )

            # Now, make sure the texture block is padded to 4 bytes, so we can figure out
            # where strings go.
            string_offset = AFPFile.align(len(body) + (len(self.textures) * 12))

            # Now, write out texture pointers and strings.
            for texture in self.textures:
                if texture.name not in string_offsets:
                    # We haven't written this string out yet, so put it on our pending list.
                    pending_strings[texture.name] = string_offset
                    string_offsets[texture.name] = string_offset

                    # Room for the null byte!
                    string_offset += len(texture.name) + 1

                # Write out the chunk itself, remember where we need to fix up later.
                texture_to_update_offset[texture.name] = (
                    len(body) + 8,
                    texture_to_update_offset[texture.name][1],
                )
                body += struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}III",
                    string_offsets[texture.name],
                    name_to_length[texture.name],  # Structure length
                    0xDEADBEEF,  # Structure offset (we will fix this later)
                )

            # Now, put down the texture chunk itself and then strings that were new in this chunk.
            body = self.write_strings(body, pending_strings)
            pending_strings = {}

        if self.features & 0x08:
            # Mapping between individual graphics and their respective textures.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # First, lay down pointers and length, regardless of number of entries.
            bitchunks[3] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}II", len(self.texture_to_region), offset)

            for bounds in self.texture_to_region:
                body += struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}HHHHH",
                    bounds.textureno,
                    bounds.left,
                    bounds.top,
                    bounds.right,
                    bounds.bottom,
                )

        if self.features & 0x40:
            # Unknown file chunk.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # First, lay down pointers and length, regardless of number of entries.
            bitchunks[6] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}II", len(self.unknown1), offset)

            # Now, calculate where we can put strings.
            string_offset = AFPFile.align(len(body) + (len(self.unknown1) * 16))

            # Now, write out chunks and strings.
            for entry1 in self.unknown1:
                if entry1.name not in string_offsets:
                    # We haven't written this string out yet, so put it on our pending list.
                    pending_strings[entry1.name] = string_offset
                    string_offsets[entry1.name] = string_offset

                    # Room for the null byte!
                    string_offset += len(entry1.name) + 1

                # Write out the chunk itself.
                body += struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", string_offsets[entry1.name]) + entry1.data

            # Now, put down the strings that were new in this chunk.
            body = self.write_strings(body, pending_strings)
            pending_strings = {}

        if self.features & 0x100:
            # Two unknown bytes, first is a length or a count. Secound is
            # an optional offset to grab another set of bytes from.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # First, lay down pointers and length, regardless of number of entries.
            bitchunks[8] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}II", len(self.unknown2), offset)

            # Now, write out chunks and strings.
            for entry2 in self.unknown2:
                # Write out the chunk itself.
                body += entry2.data

        if self.features & 0x800:
            # This is the names and locations of the animations as far as I can tell.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            bitchunks[11] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}II", len(self.animations), offset)

            # Now, calculate where we can put animations and their names.
            animation_offset = AFPFile.align(len(body) + (len(self.animations) * 12))
            string_offset = AFPFile.align(animation_offset + sum(AFPFile.align(len(a.data)) for a in self.animations))
            animdata = b""

            # Now, lay them out.
            for animation in self.animations:
                if animation.name not in string_offsets:
                    # We haven't written this string out yet, so put it on our pending list.
                    pending_strings[animation.name] = string_offset
                    string_offsets[animation.name] = string_offset

                    # Room for the null byte!
                    string_offset += len(animation.name) + 1

                # Write out the chunk itself.
                body += struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}III",
                    string_offsets[animation.name],
                    len(animation.data),
                    animation_offset + len(animdata),
                )
                animdata += AFPFile.pad(animation.data, AFPFile.align(len(animation.data)))

            # Now, lay out the data itself and finally string names.
            body = self.write_strings(body + animdata, pending_strings)
            pending_strings = {}

        if self.features & 0x2000:
            # This is the names and data for shapes as far as I can tell.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            bitchunks[13] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}II", len(self.shapes), offset)

            # Now, calculate where we can put shapes and their names.
            shape_offset = AFPFile.align(len(body) + (len(self.shapes) * 12))
            string_offset = AFPFile.align(shape_offset + sum(AFPFile.align(len(s.data)) for s in self.shapes))
            shapedata = b""

            # Now, lay them out.
            for shape in self.shapes:
                if shape.name not in string_offsets:
                    # We haven't written this string out yet, so put it on our pending list.
                    pending_strings[shape.name] = string_offset
                    string_offsets[shape.name] = string_offset

                    # Room for the null byte!
                    string_offset += len(shape.name) + 1

                # Write out the chunk itself.
                body += struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}III",
                    string_offsets[shape.name],
                    len(shape.data),
                    shape_offset + len(shapedata),
                )
                shapedata += AFPFile.pad(shape.data, AFPFile.align(len(shape.data)))

            # Now, lay out the data itself and finally string names.
            body = self.write_strings(body + shapedata, pending_strings)
            pending_strings = {}

        if self.features & 0x02:
            # Mapping between texture index and the name of the texture.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # Lay down PMAN pointer and PMAN structure itself.
            bitchunks[1] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)
            body = self.write_pman(body, offset, self.texturemap, string_offsets)

        if self.features & 0x10:
            # Names of the graphics regions, so we can look into the texture_to_region
            # mapping above.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # Lay down PMAN pointer and PMAN structure itself.
            bitchunks[4] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)
            body = self.write_pman(body, offset, self.regionmap, string_offsets)

        if self.features & 0x80:
            # One unknown byte, treated as an offset. This is clearly the mapping for the parsed
            # structures from 0x40, but I don't know what those are.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # Lay down PMAN pointer and PMAN structure itself.
            bitchunks[7] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)
            body = self.write_pman(body, offset, self.unk_pman1, string_offsets)

        if self.features & 0x200:
            # I am pretty sure this is a mapping for the structures parsed at 0x100.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # Lay down PMAN pointer and PMAN structure itself.
            bitchunks[9] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)
            body = self.write_pman(body, offset, self.unk_pman2, string_offsets)

        if self.features & 0x1000:
            # Mapping of animations to their ID.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # Lay down PMAN pointer and PMAN structure itself.
            bitchunks[12] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)
            body = self.write_pman(body, offset, self.animmap, string_offsets)

        if self.features & 0x4000:
            # Mapping of shapes to their ID.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # Lay down PMAN pointer and PMAN structure itself.
            bitchunks[14] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)
            body = self.write_pman(body, offset, self.shapemap, string_offsets)

        if self.features & 0x10000:
            # Font information.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            bitchunks[16] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)

            # Now, encode the font information.
            fontbytes = self.benc.encode(self.fontdata)
            body += struct.pack(
                f"{self.endian}III",
                0,
                len(fontbytes),
                offset + 12,
            )
            body += fontbytes

        if self.features & 0x400:
            # I haven't seen any files with any meaningful information for this, but
            # it gets included anyway since games seem to parse it.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            # Point to current data location (seems to be what original files do too).
            bitchunks[10] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)

        if self.features & 0x8000:
            # Unknown, never seen bit. We shouldn't be here, we set ourselves
            # to read-only.
            raise Exception("This should not be possible!")

        if self.features & 0x20000:
            # Animation header information.
            offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
            body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

            bitchunks[17] = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset)

            # Now, calculate where we can put animation headers.
            animation_offset = AFPFile.align(len(body) + (len(self.animations) * 12))
            animheader = b""

            # Now, lay them out.
            for animation in self.animations:
                # Write out the chunk itself.
                body += struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}III",
                    0,
                    len(animation.header),
                    animation_offset + len(animheader),
                )
                animheader += AFPFile.pad(animation.header, AFPFile.align(len(animation.header)))

            # Now, lay out the header itself
            body += animheader

        if self.features & 0x01:
            # Now, go back and add texture data to the end of the file, fixing up the
            # pointer to said data we wrote down earlier.
            for texture in self.textures:
                # Grab the offset we need to fix, our current offset and place
                # the texture data itself down.
                fix_offset, texture_data = texture_to_update_offset[texture.name]
                offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
                body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset) + texture_data

                # Now, update the patch location to make sure we point at the texture data.
                body = body[:fix_offset] + struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", offset) + body[(fix_offset + 4):]

        # Bit 0x40000 is for lz options.

        # Now, no matter what happened above, make sure file is aligned to 4 bytes.
        offset = AFPFile.align(len(body))
        body = AFPFile.pad(body, offset)

        # Record the bitfield options into the bitfield structure, and we can
        # get started writing the file out.
        bitfields = struct.pack(f"{self.endian}I", self.features) + b"".join(bitchunks)

        # Finally, now that we know the full file length, we can finish
        # writing the header.
        header += struct.pack(f"{self.endian}II", len(body), header_length + 24)
        if len(header) != 20:
            raise Exception("Logic error, incorrect header length!")

        # Skip over padding to the body that we inserted specifically to track offsets
        # against the headers.
        return header + bitfields + body[(header_length + 24):]

    def update_texture(self, name: str, png_data: bytes) -> None:
        for texture in self.textures:
            if texture.name == name:
                # First, let's get the dimensions of this new picture and
                # ensure that it is identical to the existing one.
                img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(png_data))
                if img.width != texture.width or img.height != texture.height:
                    raise Exception("Cannot update texture with different size!")

                # Now, get the raw image data.
                img = img.convert('RGBA')
                texture.img = img

                # Now, refresh the raw texture data for when we write it out.
                self._refresh_texture(texture)

                return
        else:
            raise Exception(f"There is no texture named {name}!")

    def update_sprite(self, texture: str, sprite: str, png_data: bytes) -> None:
        # First, identify the bounds where the texture lives.
        for no, name in enumerate(self.texturemap.entries):
            if name == texture:
                textureno = no
                break
        else:
            raise Exception(f"There is no texture named {texture}!")

        for no, name in enumerate(self.regionmap.entries):
            if name == sprite:
                region = self.texture_to_region[no]
                if region.textureno == textureno:
                    # We found the region associated with the sprite we want to update.
                    break
        else:
            raise Exception(f"There is no sprite named {sprite} on texture {texture}!")

        # Now, figure out if the PNG data we got is valid.
        sprite_img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(png_data))
        if sprite_img.width != ((region.right // 2) - (region.left // 2)) or sprite_img.height != ((region.bottom // 2) - (region.top // 2)):
            raise Exception("Cannot update sprite with different size!")

        # Now, copy the data over and update the raw texture.
        for tex in self.textures:
            if tex.name == texture:
                tex.img.paste(sprite_img, (region.left // 2, region.top // 2))

                # Now, refresh the texture so when we save the file its updated.
                self._refresh_texture(tex)

    def _refresh_texture(self, texture: Texture) -> None:
        if texture.fmt == 0x0B:
            # 16-bit 565 color RGB format.
            texture.raw = b"".join(
                struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}H",
                    (
                        (((pixel[0] >> 3) & 0x1F) << 11) |
                        (((pixel[1] >> 2) & 0x3F) << 5) |
                        ((pixel[2] >> 3) & 0x1F)
                    )
                ) for pixel in texture.img.getdata()
            )
        elif texture.fmt == 0x13:
            # 16-bit A1R5G55 texture format.
            texture.raw = b"".join(
                struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}H",
                    (
                        (0x8000 if pixel[3] >= 128 else 0x0000) |
                        (((pixel[0] >> 3) & 0x1F) << 10) |
                        (((pixel[1] >> 3) & 0x1F) << 5) |
                        ((pixel[2] >> 3) & 0x1F)
                    )
                ) for pixel in texture.img.getdata()
            )
        elif texture.fmt == 0x1F:
            # 16-bit 4-4-4-4 RGBA format.
            texture.raw = b"".join(
                struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}H",
                    (
                        ((pixel[2] >> 4) & 0xF) |
                        (((pixel[1] >> 4) & 0xF) << 4) |
                        (((pixel[0] >> 4) & 0xF) << 8) |
                        (((pixel[3] >> 4) & 0xF) << 12)
                    )
                ) for pixel in texture.img.getdata()
            )
        elif texture.fmt == 0x20:
            # 32-bit RGBA format
            texture.raw = b"".join(
                struct.pack(
                    f"{self.endian}BBBB",
                    pixel[2],
                    pixel[1],
                    pixel[0],
                    pixel[3],
                ) for pixel in texture.img.getdata()
            )
        else:
            raise Exception(f"Unsupported format {hex(texture.fmt)} for texture {texture.name}")

        # Make sure we don't use the old compressed data.
        texture.compressed = None


def main() -> int:
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Konami AFP graphic file unpacker/repacker")
    subparsers = parser.add_subparsers(help='Action to take', dest='action')

    extract_parser = subparsers.add_parser('extract', help='Extract relevant textures from file')
    extract_parser.add_argument(
        "file",
        metavar="FILE",
        help="The file to extract",
    )
    extract_parser.add_argument(
        "dir",
        metavar="DIR",
        help="Directory to extract to",
    )
    extract_parser.add_argument(
        "-p",
        "--pretend",
        action="store_true",
        help="Pretend to extract instead of extracting",
    )
    extract_parser.add_argument(
        "-v",
        "--verbose",
        action="store_true",
        help="Display verbuse debugging output",
    )
    extract_parser.add_argument(
        "-r",
        "--write-raw",
        action="store_true",
        help="Always write raw texture files",
    )
    extract_parser.add_argument(
        "-m",
        "--write-mappings",
        action="store_true",
        help="Write mapping files to disk",
    )
    extract_parser.add_argument(
        "-g",
        "--generate-mapping-overlays",
        action="store_true",
        help="Generate overlay images showing mappings",
    )
    extract_parser.add_argument(
        "-s",
        "--split-textures",
        action="store_true",
        help="Split textures into individual sprites",
    )

    update_parser = subparsers.add_parser('update', help='Update relevant textures in a file from a directory')
    update_parser.add_argument(
        "file",
        metavar="FILE",
        help="The file to update",
    )
    update_parser.add_argument(
        "dir",
        metavar="DIR",
        help="Directory to update from",
    )
    update_parser.add_argument(
        "-p",
        "--pretend",
        action="store_true",
        help="Pretend to update instead of updating",
    )
    update_parser.add_argument(
        "-v",
        "--verbose",
        action="store_true",
        help="Display verbuse debugging output",
    )

    print_parser = subparsers.add_parser('print', help='Print the file contents as a JSON dictionary')
    print_parser.add_argument(
        "file",
        metavar="FILE",
        help="The file to print",
    )

    args = parser.parse_args()

    if args.action == "extract":
        if args.split_textures:
            if args.write_raw:
                raise Exception("Cannot write raw textures when splitting sprites!")
            if args.generate_mapping_overlays:
                raise Exception("Cannot generate mapping overlays when splitting sprites!")

        with open(args.file, "rb") as bfp:
            afpfile = AFPFile(bfp.read(), verbose=args.verbose)

        # Actually place the files down.
        os.makedirs(args.dir, exist_ok=True)

        if not args.split_textures:
            for texture in afpfile.textures:
                filename = os.path.join(args.dir, texture.name)

                if texture.img:
                    if args.pretend:
                        print(f"Would write {filename}.png texture...")
                    else:
                        print(f"Writing {filename}.png texture...")
                        with open(f"{filename}.png", "wb") as bfp:
                            texture.img.save(bfp, format='PNG')

                if not texture.img or args.write_raw:
                    if args.pretend:
                        print(f"Would write {filename}.raw texture...")
                    else:
                        print(f"Writing {filename}.raw texture...")
                        with open(f"{filename}.raw", "wb") as bfp:
                            bfp.write(texture.raw)

                    if args.pretend:
                        print(f"Would write {filename}.xml texture info...")
                    else:
                        print(f"Writing {filename}.xml texture info...")
                        with open(f"{filename}.xml", "w") as sfp:
                            sfp.write(textwrap.dedent(f"""
                                <info>
                                    <width>{texture.width}</width>
                                    <height>{texture.height}</height>
                                    <type>{hex(texture.fmt)}</type>
                                    <raw>{filename}.raw</raw>
                                </info>
                            """).strip())

        if args.write_mappings:
            if not args.split_textures:
                for i, name in enumerate(afpfile.regionmap.entries):
                    if i < 0 or i >= len(afpfile.texture_to_region):
                        raise Exception(f"Out of bounds region {i}")
                    region = afpfile.texture_to_region[i]
                    texturename = afpfile.texturemap.entries[region.textureno]
                    filename = os.path.join(args.dir, name)

                    if args.pretend:
                        print(f"Would write {filename}.xml region information...")
                    else:
                        print(f"Writing {filename}.xml region information...")
                        with open(f"{filename}.xml", "w") as sfp:
                            sfp.write(textwrap.dedent(f"""
                                <info>
                                    <left>{region.left}</left>
                                    <top>{region.top}</top>
                                    <right>{region.right}</right>
                                    <bottom>{region.bottom}</bottom>
                                    <texture>{texturename}</texture>
                                </info>
                            """).strip())

            if afpfile.fontdata is not None:
                filename = os.path.join(args.dir, "fontinfo.xml")

                if args.pretend:
                    print(f"Would write {filename} font information...")
                else:
                    print(f"Writing {filename} font information...")
                    with open(filename, "w") as sfp:
                        sfp.write(str(afpfile.fontdata))

        if args.generate_mapping_overlays:
            overlays: Dict[str, Any] = {}

            for i, name in enumerate(afpfile.regionmap.entries):
                if i < 0 or i >= len(afpfile.texture_to_region):
                    raise Exception(f"Out of bounds region {i}")
                region = afpfile.texture_to_region[i]
                texturename = afpfile.texturemap.entries[region.textureno]

                if texturename not in overlays:
                    for texture in afpfile.textures:
                        if texture.name == texturename:
                            overlays[texturename] = Image.new(
                                'RGBA',
                                (texture.width, texture.height),
                                (0, 0, 0, 0),
                            )
                            break
                    else:
                        raise Exception(f"Couldn't find texture {texturename}")

                draw = ImageDraw.Draw(overlays[texturename])
                draw.rectangle(
                    ((region.left // 2, region.top // 2), (region.right // 2, region.bottom // 2)),
                    fill=(0, 0, 0, 0),
                    outline=(255, 0, 0, 255),
                    width=1,
                )
                draw.text(
                    (region.left // 2, region.top // 2),
                    name,
                    fill=(255, 0, 255, 255),
                )

            for name, img in overlays.items():
                filename = os.path.join(args.dir, name) + "_overlay.png"
                if args.pretend:
                    print(f"Would write {filename} overlay...")
                else:
                    print(f"Writing {filename} overlay...")
                    with open(filename, "wb") as bfp:
                        img.save(bfp, format='PNG')

        if args.split_textures:
            textures: Dict[str, Any] = {}
            announced: Dict[str, bool] = {}

            for i, name in enumerate(afpfile.regionmap.entries):
                if i < 0 or i >= len(afpfile.texture_to_region):
                    raise Exception(f"Out of bounds region {i}")
                region = afpfile.texture_to_region[i]
                texturename = afpfile.texturemap.entries[region.textureno]

                if texturename not in textures:
                    for tex in afpfile.textures:
                        if tex.name == texturename:
                            textures[texturename] = tex
                            break
                    else:
                        raise Exception("Could not find texture {texturename} to split!")

                if textures[texturename].img:
                    # Grab the location in the image, save it out to a new file.
                    filename = f"{texturename}_{name}.png"
                    filename = os.path.join(args.dir, filename)

                    if args.pretend:
                        print(f"Would write {filename} sprite...")
                    else:
                        print(f"Writing {filename} sprite...")
                        sprite = textures[texturename].img.crop(
                            (region.left // 2, region.top // 2, region.right // 2, region.bottom // 2),
                        )
                        with open(filename, "wb") as bfp:
                            sprite.save(bfp, format='PNG')
                else:
                    if not announced.get(texturename, False):
                        print(f"Cannot extract sprites from {texturename} because it is not a supported format!")
                        announced[texturename] = True

    if args.action == "update":
        # First, parse the file out
        with open(args.file, "rb") as bfp:
            afpfile = AFPFile(bfp.read(), verbose=args.verbose)

        # Now, find any PNG files that match texture names.
        for texture in afpfile.textures:
            filename = os.path.join(args.dir, texture.name) + ".png"

            if os.path.isfile(filename):
                print(f"Updating {texture.name} from {filename}...")

                with open(filename, "rb") as bfp:
                    afpfile.update_texture(texture.name, bfp.read())

        # Now, find any PNG files that match a specific sprite.
        for i, spritename in enumerate(afpfile.regionmap.entries):
            if i < 0 or i >= len(afpfile.texture_to_region):
                raise Exception(f"Out of bounds region {i}")
            region = afpfile.texture_to_region[i]
            texturename = afpfile.texturemap.entries[region.textureno]

            # Grab the location in the image to see if it exists.
            filename = f"{texturename}_{spritename}.png"
            filename = os.path.join(args.dir, filename)

            if os.path.isfile(filename):
                print(f"Updating {texturename} sprite piece {spritename} from {filename}...")

                with open(filename, "rb") as bfp:
                    afpfile.update_sprite(texturename, spritename, bfp.read())

        # Now, write out the updated file
        if args.pretend:
            print(f"Would write {args.file}...")
            afpfile.unparse()
        else:
            print(f"Writing {args.file}...")
            data = afpfile.unparse()
            with open(args.file, "wb") as bfp:
                bfp.write(data)

    if args.action == "print":
        # First, parse the file out
        with open(args.file, "rb") as bfp:
            afpfile = AFPFile(bfp.read(), verbose=False)

        # Now, print it
        print(json.dumps(afpfile.as_dict(), sort_keys=True, indent=4))

    return 0


if __name__ == "__main__":
    sys.exit(main())